154 
Farming Customs and Covenants of England. 
Hop-poles are usually valued to the incomino: tenant. Fixed 
cider-mills and presses usually belong to the landlord. 
We are indebted to Mr. Duckbam, of Bayshain Court, and 
Mr. Taylor, of Thingebill, for revising the above. 
Hertfordshire. — The usual time of entry is Michaelmas, 
with a pre-entry upon the fallows at Lady-day. But this right 
of pre-entry is fast becoming extinct by the outgoing tenant 
working the fallows. The incoming tenant has then to pay for 
the tillages, for the hay at a foddering price, and in some cases 
for the manure ; in other instances he has only to pay for the 
labour, and for the seed and sowing of the clover, and the acts 
of husbandry on the root-crop. Rent and rates are not charged 
on the fallows. Hay aftd straw may be sold off on the tenant's 
bringing back an equivalent manure. The incoming tenant 
now generally thrashes and markets the last year's crop of corn, 
receiving the straw in payment. When this is not done the 
outgoing tenant holds the barn and yard, until the 1st May en- 
suing, delivering the straw, &c., to the incoming tenant as thrashed 
out, and the new tenant has to pay for the thrashing, dressing, 
cScc. The dung usually belongs to the landlord. The custom as 
to repairs is very variable ; they are generally made according 
to agreement. 
We are indebted to Mr. J. A. Nickolds, of Stort Lodge, 
Bishop's Stortford, for information respecting the customs of this 
county. 
Huntingdonshire. — Lady-day and Michaelmas are the times 
of entry ; if the latter, the outgoing tenant is paid for all acts of 
cultivation done preparatory to the next crop. Roots are taken 
at a valuation, or the tenant is allowed until the 25th March to 
feed them off. The hay and straw are usually taken to ; the out- 
going tenant has the use of the barn, of stabling, and of part of 
the farm-house until the 6th April, that he may thrash and market 
his corn. No allowance is made for artificial manures or per- 
manent improvements. 
On Lady-day takings, the tenant, after having received notice to 
(juit, may only sow wheat on such lands as the landlord may 
direct; otherwise he must allow the incoming tenant to enter on 
such lands any time after Oct. 1st, He must also allow his suc- 
cessor to enter on the land for beans and peas after the 2nd Feb., 
and on the land for corn, grain, or seeds any time after the 1st 
March. He is paid for the herbage of the land so entered on, 
and for artificials used in the production of turnips and cole- 
seed the last year. The outgoing tenant is allowed for young 
seeds after fallow, if they are not damaged 'ly sheep or cattle. 
The acts of husbandry are allowed on the fallows. The allow- 
ance for lime is in equal proportions for lour years ; one-third 
