Farming Customa and Covenants of England. 
157 
privilege of pre-entry after Michaelmas to sow wheat, and after 
Christmas upon lands intended for fallows, on payment of the 
value of the sheep-keep (if any). In the Fen districts the out- 
going tenant is allowed for claying, the outlay being generally 
spread over five years. With respect to drainage, if the tenant 
finds his own tiles he is allowed the cost, spread over five years; 
but if the landlord finds them, the cost is extended over three 
years. 
We are indebted to Mr. Thomas Sneath, of Sleaford, for 
information on the foregoing customs, and to Mr. Frederick 
Andrews, of Lincoln, for a revision of the same, 
]\[lDi)LESEX. — Michaelmas is the time of entry in this county. 
The incoming tenant has to pay for dressings, half-dressings, 
sowings, and manure ; and also for the seeds and sowing of the 
clover. The metropolis being so close, hay and straw can always 
be sold off, but the tenant must bring back a load of manure for 
each load of hay or straw sold. It is usual for the incoming 
tenant to pay for the manure, and the wheat-straw and hay are 
taken to at a market price. Permanent improvements and unex- 
hausted manures are not allowed. As to draining, the landlord 
usually finds the pipes, and the tenant undertakes the labour of 
laying them ; in other instances the landlord does the work and 
provides the pipes, and charges a percentage on the outlay. 
Mr. F. Sherbourne has been kind enough to write to us con- 
cerning the customs of this county. 
MoNMOUTHSHIEE. — The farms are usually entered upon at 
Candlemas. The outgoing tenant takes an away-going crop of 
wheat on one-third or one-quarter of the arable land, according 
to the system under which the farm has been worked. In some 
localities he has to leave a " land-share," viz. one-third on the 
ley-ground and one-sixth on the fallow, which is considered the 
property of the landlord, and which the incoming tenant takes 
with the understanding that he is to leave the same on quitting 
the farm. The incoming tenant takes the young seeds by valua- 
tion (cost of the seed, with the sowing and labour) ; but he is 
not compelled to take to anything else. On leaving, the outgoing 
tenant can sell off the clover-hay, the straw, or roots (but not 
the meadow-hay) ; he keeps the dwelling-house, farm-buildings, 
yards, and what is termed the home-meadow until the 1st May, 
and he has the further use of barn and granary, in which to 
thrash and store his ofF-going crop of wheat, until the 1st day of 
May in the following year. 
Contributed by Mr, Thomas Stephens, of Huntfield House, 
Chepstow. 
Norfolk. — Old Michaelmas is the time of entry. The farms 
are usually let upon lease, and there is no right of pre-entry. 
