Farming Customs and Covenants of England. 
159 
su minor, iind for the h;iy and straw of the last summer at a con- 
suming price, together with the seed-bill, and labour in sowing 
the seeds. 
On the Lady-day takings the outgoing tenant is allowed for 
the wheat on fallows one year's rent, rates, and taxes, the acts of 
liusbanchy, the manure and lime applied, cost of seed and labour 
in sowing ; on the turnip-fallows, for two-thirds the cost of bones 
or approved manures in some districts, and the whole in others ; 
for hay and straw at a consuming price, likewise for the 
manure made from produce of preceding summer, and labour 
thereon, if any ; one-fourth the cost of the linseed cake con- 
sumed in the last two years, or in some cases half the cost of 
the linseed cake consumed the last year ; the seed-bill and labour 
of sowing the seed-land, if not stocked after October 10th (if 
stocked, nothing is allowed), and on the stubble-land ploughing 
and harrowing, with cost of seed, 
N.B. The paying for one-third of the value of the cake con- 
sumed in the preceding summer seems somewhat doubtful, and 
probably sufficient time has not elapsed to make this a custom. 
Mr. George Beaumont, jun., of East Bridgeford, and Mr. H. 
A. Hubbersty, of South Collingham, Newark, have supplied us 
with the foregoing information. 
Oxfordshire. — In the upper part of the county Michaelmas 
tenancies are exclusively the rule, but about Banbury and the 
Warwickshire side of the county the farms are entered at Lady- 
day. The incoming tenant pays for the acts of husbandry on the 
turnip-land, and also for the clover and other seeds sown with 
the barley ; he usually takes the hay at a consuming price, but if 
he refuses to take it the outgoing tenant is bound to consume 
it on the premises. The tenant quitting at Michaelmas sows the 
wheat before leaving, and is paid for the seed and labour. Com- 
pensation is seldom made for improvements. 
Mr. Charles Simmonds of Farnborough, near Banbury, has 
kindly revised the above for us. 
Shropshire. — The time of entry in Shropshire is Lady-day, 
the outgoing tenant retaining the house, buildings, and a " boozy 
pasture " until the 1st May ; the " boozy pasture " being 
selected by the landlord or his agent. There is usually a right 
of pre-entry on the stubbles after the 10th November, and on 
the meadows after Christmas or Candlemas. The outgoing 
tenant is allowed an off-going crop of wheat, of one-half after a 
clover ley or brush, after a bare fallow two-thirds, and only one- 
fourth of the arable land if farmed on the four-course shift. On 
some estates the landlord or incoming tenant claims one-tenth 
of the crop for tithe before the outgoer takes his, and the incomer 
pays the value of the seeds, but if they have been depastured after 
