Farming Customs and Covenants of England. 161 
year. Hay, straw, fodder, and roots cannot usually be sold off 
the farm, and the manure in all cases belongs to the landlord, 
and must be left for the incomlns^ tenant. 
Mr. VV. H. Venn has been kind enough to write us on the 
customs of this county, and we have to thank Mr. James Traslc, 
of Highleaze, Yeovil, and Mr. T. C. Bennett, of Bruton, for a 
revision of the same. 
Staffordshiiie. — The farms here are usually let on annual 
agreements, the entry being at Lady-day. The incoming tenant 
pays for all necessary acts of husbandry on the fallows ; for the 
young seeds, if they have not been stocked after November ; 
and for the unconsumed hay and straw — hay, two-thirds ; straw, 
one-third — at two-thirds of the market price. Raw bones and 
lime are allowed for, extending over three years.* Draining | 
is paid for, the allowance extending over a period of seven 
years. The outgoing tenant takes an away-going crop of wheat, 
the breadth sown being in proportion to the rotation adopted ; 
usually two-thirds after a fallow, and one-half from land on which 
one crop of any kind has been taken since the fallow, less the 
reaping and weeding.^ 
We were indebted in the first instance to Mr. James Wyley, 
of High Onn, and Mr. James Bourn, of Stourbridge, for this 
information, which has been confirmed and enlarged by a Report 
from the Staffordshire Chamber of Agriculture. 
Suffolk. — Old Michaelmas is the usual time of entry, the 
outgoing tenant being paid for the acts of husbandry on the 
fallows, and also the rent and rates on the same. The hay and 
manure are taken by the incoming tenant at a valuation. Some- 
times the landlord and sometimes the tenant does the repairs to 
the buildings, &c., the landlord providing the requisite materials, 
except straw for thatching. The tenant keeps and leaves all 
gates, lifts, stiles, pales, posts, rails, fences, and going gear of 
pumps in good repair, the landlord finding materials in the 
rough. The straw, chaff, &c., of the last crop belong to the in- 
coming tenant, who has to thrash and take the corn to market 
* On most of the large estates under recent agreements, a portion of the 
purchased manures applied to roots or grass consumed on the farm are allowed 
for ; also a part of the purchased corn and cake, if consumed on the farm by 
cattle or sheep during the previous year.— Bepo;-< of Staffordshire Cliamber of 
Agriculture. 
t Draining is usually done by the tenant, the landlord finding pipes. An 
allowance is made for this, extending over four years ; but if the tenant pay for 
the whole, seven years' allowance is taken. — Ibid. 
X Repairs of buildings, gates, fences, &c., are done by tenant, the landlord 
finding materials in the rough. — Ibid. 
The game is usually reserved by the landlord ; upon the best managed estates 
the tenants are allowed to kill thj rabbits from 1st of November to 1st of April. — 
Ibid. 
VOL. IV. — S. S. 
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