Farming Customs and Covenants of Enyland. 171 
15. To allow for tlio land draiucd iu a pcrmanont mauncr witli 
2-iucli pipes, and not less tlian 4 feet deep (provided it is done witli 
tlio sanction of tlio landlord), on delivery of a plan of drains and 
outfall, and an accui'ate account of cost, the fuU cost less onc- 
twentietli part for eacli full year since such draining was done ; but 
if such draining is not done in the above permanent manner, or if 
without a plan or the sanction of landlord, then the said tbaining is 
to be left to the valuers, who shall calculate the allowance to be 
made, after the rate of not less than five, or more than ten years, 
according to the manner in which it is done. 
[Note. — This is also a very liberal clause, if the tuork he done in a substantial 
maimer, for we see no reason why a tenant should not be alloiued at the same 
rate us a drainage company, provided the work be done as ivell. Still the 
landlord should have a voice in the matter, if he is to make himself respon- 
sible for full amounti] 
16. To provide or allow for the grass-seeds used to renovate the 
old pastures after draining, or for laying land down to permanent pasture 
Avithin the last three years, such grass-seeds to be suitable for the 
geological formation, or for the class of soil ; if used within the last 
year for permanent pastui-e, the expense of preparing and cleaning 
the land in addition. 
[Note. — We think that in all cases three years will repay the tenant for laying 
down to permanent jMsture, as he gets better crops in that time. 
No stipulaiion is made as to mowing, for we believe it is better to mow than to 
graze in the first yearj] 
17. To allow one-third the cost of prepared grass manure foi" each 
unexpii-ed year of the term of three years since such application ; and 
if bones are used, then one-eighth the cost of the same for each un- 
expired year less than eight since the application of the same. 
[Note. — We should not recommend anything to be allowed for guano or nitrate 
of soda, used on permanent pasture ; we consider it so stimulating that 
although often of great benefit for the first year, it is apt to leave tlw pas- 
turage worse afterwards.^ 
18. To allow for rearing new quickset fences, the same having 
been kept clean and well taken care of, the full cost thereof, less one- 
tenth part in respect of each year since the same was planted. 
[Note. — The landlord can here insert, if he pileases, tJmt such fences are to he 
planted tvith his own approval imuriting ; otherwise fences may be planted 
when they are not desirable.^ 
19. For healthy fruit-trees, planted and properly preserved within 
seven years, the full cost price. 
[Note. — This clause can be omitted luhere no orchards are raised.^ 
20. For new buildings (with landlord's consent, if erected ill a 
substantial and permanent manner), the full cost, less one-twentieth 
part, for each expii-ed year ; but if such consent was not obtained, 
then to be left to the valuers, who shall make their award with refer- 
ence to the desirability of the erection and likewise to its suitability 
to other buildings, deducting not less than one-tenth for each expired 
