Rise and Progress of Hereford Cattle. 
289 
racter. When a Short-horn bull is used the produce retains the 
horns, with deeper flesh and more size, and is generally shot 
with grey hairs on the quarter and under the belly. With 
Ayrshires the Hereford bull has " nicked " admirably wherever 
we have met with it, and throe-) oar old steers so bred have made 
from 30/. to 40/. off grass. Their colour is nearly always red and 
white in large flecks, and the head a good open one, with the 
Hereford colour and horn. One so bred, and weighing 160 
stone, of 8 lbs., at three off, made 60/. in a Woburn auction for 
Christmas beef. Hereford on Alderney is also a success, and 
the calves not unfrequently follow the colour of the bull, only 
with a much darker shade of red. The cross improves the feed- 
ing-power of the Alderney, and a cow of the first cross will be 
quite as good " a cream-stainer " as her dam. The union of 
Devon and Hereford has been tried, but the produce were lacking 
in activity, and did not " farm the Devonshire hill-sides " like 
the original Devon. Mr. Welles records the failure of the Here- 
fordshire breeders to cross their white-faces with West Highland 
kyloes, which communicated their wild temper to the progeny, 
and did nothing for the beef; but Mr. Naylor succeeded to his 
heart's desire when he put them to Galloway polls, and found 
that the calves could stand the nip of a severe winter on the 
Long Mountain under Moel-y-Mabb, even better than their hardy 
dams. The Shropshire was once upon a time more of a smoky- 
faced brindle, until it was " crossed up " about Pontypool and 
Welshpool with the Welsh and Hereford cattle, and took the 
coat of the one and the face of the other. Still their ancestrj' 
will hardly repay inquiry, and has, no doubt, much in common 
with the Montgomeryshire and Glamorganshire breeds, both of 
which are nearly extinct. When they could claim to be a pure 
breed, the Glamorganshire, except in its superior size and bone, 
seemed to bear an affinity to the Devon ; and the Montgomery- 
shire, with the substitution of black for red, was very like a 
Hereford in its colour-marks. 
To conclude, few counties south of Shropshire lack the Here- 
ford bullock element. Surrey was represented in their ranks at 
Leeds, and eleven other English and Welsh counties at Bat- 
tersea. They have pushed their way into Cornwall, and Ireland 
reports pretty well of them. The late Messrs. Rea did a good busi- 
ness with Jamaica, and one importer recently won prizes for cross- 
breds by them in seven classes ; in one of which lots of eight steers 
were shown, after the Forres fashion. Canada has welcomed them, 
and in 1820, Henry Clay, the statesman, imported two pairs of 
heifers, and is said to have thought them as good " fill-pails " as 
the Short-horns. Mr. Corning, who has had them for nearly 
thirty years on the banks of the Hudson, about three miles below 
