188 
45. COJIPOSITiE. 
28. Centati'kea Linn. Knapweed. 
* Phjll. with a scarious pectinate not decurrcnt ajjpendage. 
[C Jdcea (L.); phyll.-appc^idages erect rounded, pappus 0, 
1. linear-lanceolate lower ones broader and toothed. — E. li. 1678. 
— Lower 1. ovate-lanceolate, stalked, toothed. Involucre pale 
brown ; few outermost pliyll. with appendages deeply jagged in 
a pinnatifid manner, few iunennost entire, the rest irregularly 
jagged. Heads radiant. — Not native. P. VIII. IX.] E. 
1. C. nigra (L.) ; phyll. -appendages patent or erect lanceolate 
or ovate-ianceolate pectinate their teeth subulate, pappus 0 or 
short deciduous, 1. lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate acute. — St. 
i — 2 ft. high. L. gTcen ; lower nan'owed into long stalks, entire 
or sinuate-dentate ; upper sessile. Heads globose. Few inner- 
most phyll.-appeudages torn. Fr. oblong, do^^Tiy. — a. C. nigra 
(L.) ; phyll. -appendages erect or patent ovate-lanceolate usually 
quite covering the phyll. their teeth long. Fl. Rust. 130. 
-R. XXV. 761. St. usually with long 1-headed branches. Pappua 
0 or short. Heads sometimes radiant. — /3. C. decipiens (Thuill.) ; 
phyll. -appendages erect lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate usually 
not wholly covering the phyU. their teeth short. St. usually 
simple, 1-headed. L. broader than those of a. Teeth often 
scarcely longer than the breadth of the brown appenda<^e ; 3 
inner rows of phyll. usually protrudino;. Pappus 0. Heads 
usually (perhaps always) radiant. This, the C. nigre^cms (Bab.), 
may be distinct. The plants seem easily distinguishable from 
the radiant fomi of C. nigra, although hardly to be separated 
bv characters. — Meadows and pastures. ^3. West of England, 
rare. P. VI.— IX. E. S. I. 
*• PhyU. lanceolate, their upper half with a somewhat scarious 
deeply toothed or fringed decurrent margin. 
2. C. Cy'anm (L.); phyll. erect adpressed deeply toothed, 
pappus as long as the fruit, /. linear-lanceolate, the lowennost 
toothed or pinnatifid. — E. B. Til. — St. 1 — :3 feet high, loosely 
cottony, leafy. L. slightly cottony above, densely beneath. Li- 
volucre greenish yellow; phyll. often tinged with purple in their 
upper half, margins brown decuiTcnt with whitish teeth. Heads 
with large radiant hhwjlowers, disk puii^le. — Corn-fields. A. VI. 
— VIU. Com Bhiehottk. E. S. I. 
3. C. ScabiiUa (L.) ; phyll. erect adpressed, the triangular- 
ovate black pectinate appendages not covering the inv., teeth 
ascending setaceous short, pappus as long as the, fruit, /. pimia- 
tifid roughish, segments lobed with hard points. — E.li.^C).— 
St. 2 — ;i feet high, rough, fuiTOwed. L. hi.spid, lobes of tl)^ 
upper onea entire. Heads on long nalied stalks, solitary. Invo- 
