190 
45. COMPOSITE. 
all tubular. Involucre in many rows of distinct spinous phyllaries. 
Filaments distinct. Pappus in many rows, not suiTomided by a 
prominent margin. 
29. Onopoe'dum Linn. Cotton Thistle. 
1. 0. Acan'tliium (L.) ; st. erect many-lieaded, 1. elliptic-ob- 
long W00II3' on both sides sinuate spinous decurrent, outer phyll. 
lanceolate-subulate recurved and spreading. — E. B. 977. — St. 4 
— 5 feet high, woolly, with broad spinous wings, branched. Inv. 
nearly globose, large, somewhat cottony; phyll. fringed with 
minute spinous teeth. Fl. purple. — Waste ground. B. VIII. 
£. S. 
30. Cae'dtttts Linn. Thistle. 
[Many hybrids occur in this genus.] 
* Papptts rough. Carduus Sm., DC, Koch. 
1. C. nutans (L.) ; 1. decurrent spinous lanceolate sinuate, 
heads solitary drooping hemispherical, phyll. lanceolate cottony 
outer ones rejlexed. — E. B. 1112. — St. 2 feet high, erect, angular, 
furrowed, cottony, winged. L. hairy on both sides, with woolly 
veins beneath, pinnatifid with 3-lobed wavy spiuose-ciliate seg- 
ments ending in strong spines. Heads large ; fl. crimson ; un- 
opened anth. purple. Inv. hemispherical, internal phyll. con- 
tracted above the oase and then lanceolate.— Waste groimd. B. 
v.— \TII. Musk Thistle. E. S. I. 
2. C. cris'pns (L.) ; 1. decurrent spinose-ciliate lanceolate 
glabrous or cottony beneath deeply pinnatifid, lobes trifid and 
dentate, heads roundish, phyll. linmr-sidttdate erect or ascending. 
—E. B. 97.S.— St. about 3 feet high. PhyU. not contracted 
above their base. — a. C. crispus (L.) ; 1. lanceolate usually cottony 
beneath, heads small clustered, phyll. ending in a weak spine, ped. 
winged to the top, central tubercle of fr. not angular. — /3. C. acan- 
thoides (L.) ; 1. broadlj' lanceolate usually not dowuv beneath, 
head twice as large solitary or rarely 2 or 3 together, phyll. 
strongly spinous erect, ped. often naked at the top, central tuber- 
cle of fr. 5-augled. — Dry banks and waste places. ^. is the less 
common plant, and probably a hybrid between C. nutans and C. 
crispus. B. ? VI.— A^UI. " E. S. I. 
3. C. tenuiJISrus (Curt.) ; 1. decurrent sinuate spinous broadly 
lanceolate cottony beneath, segments ovate lobed, heads many 
crowded se.ssile subcylindrical, phyll. ovate-lanceolate atte- 
nuate. — E. B. 412. — St. about 3 feet high, slightly branched, 
with broad deeply lobed spinous wings. L. deeply sinuate or 
pinnatifid. Involucres nearly glabrous. 11. pink. — Sandy 
places near the sea. B. ? VI.— VIII. E. S. 1. 
