310 
78. COyiFER.T. 
Division V. GYMNOSPERM^. 
Ovaries apparently naked. Cai-pel spread out flat. No calyx 
nor corolla. 
Order LXXVIII. CONIFERS. 
Fl. monoecious or dioecious. Barren fl. of one or more mona- 
delphous stamens, in a deciduous catkin, about a common caxis. 
Antb. of 2 or more lobes bursting ovitwards, often ending in a 
scalelike crest. Fertile fl. usually in cones, sometimes solitary. 
Ovary spread open in the shape of a scale and placed in the axil 
of a membranous bract ; in the solitary fl. apparently wanting. 
Ovules naked in pairs on the face of the ovary and inverted ; or 
(in the solitary fl.) erect. [Or as some think : ovaries in pairs 
( or several), inverted, on a scale (which becomes the cone-scale) 
situated in the axU of a bract ; each of 2 connate cai-pels having 
together the form of a horseshoe or ring and ultimately pro- 
ducing a wing ; ovide between the carpels, its tip exposed : or 
erect, the 2 carpels imiting in the form of a am, without a car- 
pellary scale.] Fr. a cone, or solitary seed. Testa hard, crus- 
taceous. Embryo in the axis of fleshy albumen. Radicle next 
the apex. Woody tissue marked with circular disks. 
Tribe I. TAXINE^. Male fl. in catkins. Fern. fl. solitary, 
naked or bracteate, erect ; no carpellary scale. 
1. Taxus. Catkins of male fl. oval, scaly below, flowering 
at the top. Stam. many. Anth. peltate, 3— S-celled. Feni. 
fl. scaly below. Style 0. Ovule sun'Oimded at the base by 
a ring which becomes a fleshj- cupshaped disk siirroimdiug 
the seed. — G. F. G. Monochl. 14. 
Tr. II. CUPRESSINEjE. Slale fl. in catkins. Anth. 4—7, 
inserted on the edge of the subpeltate scales. Fem. fl. few, 
in a small catkin, erect ; no cai-pellary scale. 
2. JuNiPEKUS. Anth. 4 — 7, 1-celled, inserted on the lower 
edge of the scales. Scales of the fem. catkin imbricate, 
lower ones barren. Ovules 3, siuTounded by a 3-fid fleshy 
involucre fonned of the 3 uppei-most connate scales of the 
catkin.— G. F. G. Monochl. 12. 
Tr. III. ABIETINEjE. Fl. in catkins. Anth. 2, 1-celled, 
adnate to the underside of the scales. Fem. fl. a scalelike 
open ovary in the axil of a membranous scale, bearing two 
naked ovides pointing towards the axis [or perhaps : fem. 
fl. in pairs on an axillary scale.] Fr. winged. 
3. PiNus. Male catkins crowded, racemose. Scales . of the 
