332 
CONCLUDING NOTE. 
" In Kanem, north of Bornou, it rains a month earlier in the sea- 
son than in that province ; in Bornou, one month earlier than in 
Kanou ; in Kanou, one month earlier than at Niffee. The heat of 
to-day, under a thatch hat, at one P.M., same as yesterday, 96°. 
Sugar dissolved into a wash is a common remedy in Soudan and Bor- 
nou for bad eyes ; but, perhaps, it is made an excuse for getting sugar 
from us." 
" In the evening we marched two hours and a-half in an E.S.E. 
direction. We were met by the Sheikh of the place, with some fifteen 
horse, and a mounted drummer. No wild animals are seen, on 
account of the fires in the desert (made, however, by the people on 
purpose to catch them). No water -fowls swim in the pools, probably 
because there is no cultivation. But this is the real country of the 
elephants. I saw the dung some two days before, and could not make 
out what it was. These days the dung was more abundant, and the 
people told me what it was. The people about here do not hurt them, 
their spears being useless against the hide of this great quadruped ; 
the hunters, however, entangle the smaller animals — gazelles, &c. — 
by means of a great wheel made of cane. The animals put their feet 
in the middle, which gives in, and holds them, whilst the top is secured 
by strong cords." 
" Mandemnia. 
" Kangarwar, half the size of Zinder. First day, evening march, 
seven hours, pitched in open country; course, S.E. Second day, 
pitched in open country ; course, E. Third day, six hours, E.N.E. 
Fourth day, half-an-hour's morning march. Mandemnia village 
people occupied in making salt." 
I believe Mr. Richardson was sometimes in the habit of jotting 
down observations in this way on loose pieces of paper previous to 
inserting them in his journal, which he evidently wrote in great part 
with a view to its being sent to the press, though at others he breaks 
away into a series of disconnected memoranda. We have no further 
account of what happened between the 21st of February and the 4th of 
March, than what is contained in the letter written by Dr. Barth, Mr. 
Richardson's fellow-traveller, so often mentioned in the foregoing 
pages (see Preface). — Ed. 
