THE INHABITANTS OF THE EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN. 
By L. H. DUDLEY BUXTON, M A. 
(Department of Anatomy, Oxford.) 
The ethnology of the Eastern Mediterranean was in ancient times a matter of 
keen interest to the Greeks themselves ; since the revival of Greek learning it has 
concerned many scholars. Unfortunately owing, no doubt, to the wealth of cultural 
and documentary evidence, the physical affinities have been rather neglected and 
the earlier excavators either reburied or threw away the bones they discovered. 
Professor J. L. Myres was good enough to take me as his assistant to Cyprus in 
1913, and I was thus given an opportunity of studying the anthropology of that 
island at first hand. The evidence brought forward in this paper has been collected 
while studying my Cypriot material and is a natural corollary to work in Cyprus. 
I am indebted to Professor Myres and to Professor Arthur Thomson for continual 
advice and criticism during the progi'ess of my work at Oxford, and to Professor Karl 
Pearson for initiating me into biometric methods. The photographs of ci'ania were 
taken by Mr W. Chesterman, Assistant in the Anatomical Department, Oxford. 
The method followed in this paper has been first to enumerate a few of the 
representative views on the population of the Eastern Mediterranean, secondly to 
discuss in detail the cephalic index, glabello-occipital length, greatest head breadth, 
upper facial index, nasal index, stature and pigmentation, to which characters we 
are limited by our lack of further evidence, and thirdly to attempt to summarize 
the tentative conclusions arrived at in dealing with racial problems in the Eastern 
Mediterranean. 
While it is generally admitted by most writers that the population of the 
Eastern Mediterranean consists of an admixture of Mediterranean and Alpine — or 
alternatively Armenoid types, extremely diverse opinions have been held both 
about the original population and also about the degree of admixture which has 
taken place, v. Luschan in a paper of 1891 when dealing with the early 
population of Lycia, declares that "there are clearly two types, one short headed 
found especially in the mountains and in the swamps and a second long headed 
found in the towns and on the coast, the latter probably do not represent a single 
unit. It would be difficult to bring the figures especially the high indices of Makri, 
Xanthos, Rekowa and Myra into line with those from the East Lycian coast." The 
cephalic indices of the Asiatic Greeks have two summits 75 and 88 with the lesser 
sununit at 75. The broad high skulls belong to the old type who reach from the 
