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Caucasus to the Euphrates. In a later paper'-' this view is expanded and v. Luschan 
expresses the belief that the earliest inhabitants of the Mediterranean wei'e 
Armenoid and were the authors of the -issos, -andos, etc., terminations for 
place names. The Dorians were a kind of backwash of the same people going 
East instead of West. The long blond (!) skulls of the modern Kurds do not 
appear in Asia Minor before the second century B.C.; there is otherwise no trace of 
any other people, but the place names with the terminations in question do appear. 
He disagrees with Sergi, who believes that the Mediterranean race provided the 
earliest inhabitants of the Mediterranean, for he maintains that the Armenoid type 
appeared in Sicily and in Sardinia at the very end of the Neolithic period. 
Ripley"^' in his survey of the peoples of Eastern Europe has three main divisions, 
Greek, Turk and Slav, the first, except in Thessaly, being essentially a littoral 
people, the last an inland people and the Turks a negligible factor. He states that 
all authorities agree that the ancient Hellenes were long-headed and of Mediterranean 
stock and quotes v. Luschan 's curve. The modern Greeks are very brunet. In 
dealing with the people of Western Asia Ripley depends mainly on Chantre for his 
information. He calls attention to two types, Kurds and Armenians, the one 
dolichocephalic, the other brachycephalic. The Kurds are the oldest and ha\e been 
quite unaffected by all invasions. The custom of shaping the heads of the childi'en 
has accentuated the natui'al differences of these peoples. In regard to the question 
as to which is the earlier people, the Armenoid or the Mediterranean, Ripley 
maintains that v. Luschan's argument depends on the scattered nature of the 
Armenoid settlements and on their various religions ; the long heads occur on the 
coast especially in Greek necropoles. Ripley believes that the Mediterranean 
people were the earliest arrivals, the Turks the latest. The Armenoids are of 
importance because they link up Europe and Asia, they are perhaps the Pelasgians. 
In Persia this great contrast disappears possibly owing to the great plains. 
Sergi''" states. "I am convinced that the primitive population of Lycia and the 
rest of Asia Minor as also of Syria is of the same type as the Egyptian and derived 
from the same centre of diffa.sion. This primitive population. . .could not have been 
of brachycephalic Armenoid type. ...It is probable that the immigrants encountered 
a population coming from Northern Arabia but as the skull characters of the two 
races were allied it is difficult to distinguish them." 
Ridgeway'-'" states that the original inhabitants of Greece were, as are the 
present inhabitants, a dark people. They already inhabited Greece in the Neolithic 
period. About 1500 B.C. the immigration of Teutonic people, the Achaeans, took 
place. The Illyrio-Thracian tribes belong to the same stock as the original race, 
but were conquered in many cases by Keltic from the Alps. The Dorians were like 
the Thessalians an Illyrian tribe, and Herodotus (viii, 43) thought them Macedonian. 
The Spartans thought there was a difference of race between the Dorians and the 
Achaeans. 
As far as physical characteristics are concerned the Homeric Achaeans were tall 
men with fair hair. Thei'e is no reference to the colour of the Spartans' hair so we 
