96 
The Inhabitants of the Eastern Mediterranean 
measuremonts were made by the author. The figures used for comparative 
purposes have been drawn from the following sources : for tSardinia and Corsica, 
Duckworth for Egypt, Craig™. 
Duckworth and Craig have reduced their own material to statistical form and 
Duckworth has published Hawes' figures. 
Cultural conditions are of special importance in regard to the Bektasch and 
Tadchadsky, Lycian gypsies, who contrast very strongly with their Greek and 
Turkish neighbours not only in their measurements but what is still more important 
the standard deviations of these measurements. These people form a small endo- 
gamous religious community which claims to keep itself free from intermixture 
with either Christian Greeks or Moslems, a claim substantiated by the low standard 
deviations. Similar connnunities are found among the Druses and Maronites on 
Mount Lebanon and to a lesser degree among the Jews. The purity of the Lycian 
gypsies will be seen to be specially striking because they live amongst an unusually 
mixed population. 
The measurements from Cyprus and Crete have been subdivided according to 
localities. In Crete the eparchies of Selinos and Sphakia, selected by v. Luschan 
as representing a special "type," have been worked out separately; in Cyprus"*' 
I have divided my own measurements into four groups. Group I is a miscellaneous 
group mostly from Nicosia and the neighbourhood. Group II the villages on the 
north coast, Group III the villages round the Bay of Salamis on the east coast and 
Group IV the village of Levkoniko in the Mesaoria, this division being purely 
geographical. In both cases the small subdivisions are included in a final summation 
which I have termed in the case of Cyprus " groups combined " and in Crete, 
" whole island." Schitf's measurements for Pyrgiotissa, which include nine men 
from Sphakia, have not been included in the Cretan total which is limited to 
V. Luschan's 320 men. 
For the physical characters of the Jews a good deal of matei'ial is available- 
'i'his has been very conveniently summarized by Fishberg i'''', who includes, besides 
his own observations (a series of .oOO measured in New York), series from 
Weissenberg Lombi'oso , Blechman Yakowenko and others. Schiff'^-*' has 
summarized some figures and has treated them statistically; unfortunately most of 
his series which include Askenazim, Shephardim, Grusinians, and Jews from the 
Yemen, Aleppo and Morocco are except for the first two small, his probable errors 
have also been wrongly calculated. Weissenberg has published a number of 
valuable papers on the Jews. Use has been made of his figures from S. Russia'^"', 
the Yemen*-"", and Samarkand'-'". 
Ceppialic Index. 
The cephalic indices of living adult males have been tabulated in Table I. 
Measurements from Corsica and two Egyptian series have been added for comparative 
purposes. None of the means appear to be in agreement with the pure Mediterranean 
type represented in Corsica and in a less pure form in Egypt. If the means are 
