100 The 'Inlmhitants of the Eastern Mediterranean 
their apparent great homogeneity — for details have not yet been published — seems 
to suggest a possibility of some change in Bronze Age times. 
TABLE IV. 
Comparison of A ncient and Modern Cephalic Indices. 
Brouze A^e. 
Locality 
Cranial Index 
+ 2 
Modern Living 
Males. Locality 
Cephalic 
Index 
Difference and 
Eemarks 
Whether differ- 
ence significant 
Lapithos 
80-35 ± -69 
11 
Lapithos 
Enkomi 
f'ypi-Lis 
81- 94+ -18 
83-34+ -23 
82- 54+ -11 
1- 59 +-71 
2- 99+ -73* 
2-19+ -70 
No 
Yes 
No? 
* The difference between the modern inh.abitants of the Lapithos and Enkomi areas is 1-40 ± 29. 
Only one Rncient series is available for statistical treatment, Duckworth's series 
from Palaikastro. The figures are : 
No. Sex 31 (T V 
4(3 (/ 78-10 ± -38 4-03 ± •2<S 5-5 + -39 
These figures seem to suggest that the mixing of racial elements in Crete had 
reached in the Early Middle Minoaii Period a similar state to modern times ; 
a small series of skulls from Hagios Nikolaos, dated by Tod at the very beginning 
of the Bronze Age, also present the appearance of a mixed population. It has been 
argued that a change took place in the population of Crete in Minoan times. Such 
evidence as we have at present would seem to suggest that the mixed character of 
the population had already been established and that the variations which appear 
in the cephalic indices of the slender number of skulls at our disposal are such that 
might be expected in such a mixed population. We are inclined to believe that 
a similar early hybridisation had taken place in Cyprus though our numbers are 
insufficient for statistical treatment. 
Let us next consider the two factors which make up the cranial index, namely, 
the glabello-occipital length (Table V) and the greatest head breadth (Table VI). 
The data are less than in cephalic indices as in many cases a complete series of 
measin-ements do not appear to have been published. There are several points of 
interest that appear from an examination of the data. First that in Cyprus the 
head breadth is very stable and the differences in cephalic index are due to 
variations in the glabello-occipital length, secondly, in Crete the differences in 
cephalic index are due to variations in the head breadth, the length being stable. 
The whole of the Lycian figures have not been published but two small groups of 
Bektasch and Tadchadsky have an exactly similar head breadth, the difference in 
length causing the variation in the index. The variation in cephalic index from 
the south to the north of the Peloponnese would appear to be due to both a 
shortening and a broadening of the head, but our figures are not sufficient to be 
conclusive. In spite of the fact that neither the Cypriot nor the Cretan indices 
