110 The Inhahitants of tlie Eastern Mediterranean 
not at present sufficient evidence to speak of Greece proper, but such evidence as 
we have would appear to justify the assertion that the numerous small communities 
of the ancient Mediterranean differed physically; thus we may say that there 
was a physical background to the struggles between Amathus and Salamis, and 
probably between the cities of Greece. To suppose that it is possible to establish 
a Greek ty2)e and to distinguish between Hellene and Barbarian (f)vaei does not 
appear justifiable. 
It has been also suggested that there are two " types " in Greece — a brachy- 
cephalic Alpine and a long-headed Mediterranean — and that these can be dis- 
tinguished. Now we have shewn that we do actually find such populations in a 
comparatively pure state in certain parts of the Mediterranean. That they exist 
in Greece is certain and it is not difficult to pick out of a large number of examples 
of both types. To say however that the population is made up of two types is 
unsatisfactory, because though it is possible and indeed probable that both types 
have participated in forming the present population, the latter seems at present to 
be so inextricably mixed that its separate elements are no longer distinguishable. 
It may be argued that a large degree of variability is not due to admixture but 
is rather an attribute of the race. At present the series of crania of ancient date 
are so rare that no statistical evidence of variation in ancient times is available, it 
would appear however a more reasonable supposition to admit racial admixture 
when at either end of the scale it is possible to select specimens both of the 
Mediterranean and Alpine type, especially when we find a race that is admittedly 
pure has a low degree of variation. 
It has been held by some classical scholars that the Nordic race has contributed 
to the population of the Eastern Mediterranean. It has been felt necessary to 
account for elements in the population who had fair hair and light eyes. It must 
however be remembered that colour terms are necessarily relative and among 
a population so dark as the Mediterranean peoples the standard is necessarily 
different from the standard of Northern Europe. A small proportion of blue-eyed 
persons does still occur in the Eastern Mediterranean and is certainly commoner 
in some areas than others. In Cyprus the blue-eyed persons appeared as far as 
a careful examination could determine to be akin to the " Armenoid " race and 
no trace of Nordic types was found. Individuals, or groups with a number of 
individuals, possessing features of this type, would sufficiently account for the fre- 
quent references in classical writers to fair peoples, without presuming Nordic blood. 
We have so far limited the discussion to I'ace in the older sense, that is apart 
from environment. It is possible that environmental conditions have played 
a certain part in determining the numerous local variations which are to be met 
with in the area we are examining, but we have not at present sufficient evidence 
upon which to generalize. 
In regard to the histoi'ical ethnology again evidence is lacking, people akin to 
the Mediterranean race were inhabiting Egypt in predynastic times, v. Luschan's 
argument (quoted on p. 93 above) that the earliest inhabitants of Lycia were 
