216 
A First Study of the Burmese Sl ull 
in comparing race with race. In this way, the method of contouring can be used 
to save the taking of a considerable number of individual length measurements. 
We will now compare angle-measurements in similar fashion. 
Comparison between Angle- Measurements on Type Contours, and 
Means of Individual Contour-Measurements. 
Males 
Females 
Types: 
A 
B 
C 
A 
B 
C 
( Mean contour value 
t \^\7X\(^ T'Ort ■foil T* 
60° -1 (44) 
60° '3 
59°-7 (7) 
59° -8 
60°-5 (8) 
60° -7 
60°-6 (39) 
60°-4 
60°-6(17) 
60° -7 
59°-l (18) 
53°. 9 
</>' 
j Mean contour value 
/ Type contour 
61°-7 (44) 
61°-8 
er-i (7) 
61°-1 
61°-6(8) 
61°-8 
62°-2 (39) 
6r-9 
61°-9 (17) 
62°-2 
60°-8 (18) 
60° -8 
Al 
j Mean contour value 
\ Type contour 
69°-6 (38) 
69°-6 
72°-6 (7) 
73°-l 
70°-4 (7) 
70°-7 
71°-8 (34) 
71°-8 
71°-6 (15) 
71°-6 
76°-0(16) 
74°-9 
Nz 
j Mean contour value 
/Type contour 
68°-0 (38) 
67°-9 
66°-l (7) 
65° -5 
64°-8 (7) 
65°-0 
66°-8 (34) 
66°-6 
66°-9 (15) 
66° -6 
64°-7 (16) 
64°-8 
Bi 
\ Mean contour value 
\ Tyjje contour 
42°-5 (38) 
42°-6 
41°-2(7) 
41°-4 
44°-8 (7) 
44° -3 
41°-4 (34) 
4r-6 
41°-6 (15) 
41°-8 
40°-3 (16) 
40° -3 
Pi 
\ Mean contour value 
\ Type contour 
84°-4 (38) 
84°-4 
86°-l (7) 
86°- 1 
83°-6 (7) 
84° -6 
85°-0 (34) 
85°-0 
83°-8 (15) 
84°-2 
87°-2 (16) 
87°-l 
f ni L 
( Mean contour value 
( Type contour 
7°-3 (42) 
6°-0 
8°-8 (7) 
7°-8 
7°-6 (8) 
7°-2 
8°-8 (39) 
7°-3 
7°-8 (17) 
6°-6 
8°-2 (18) 
7°-2 
In investigating the causes of the discrepancy between contour values and 
direct measurements, I found the explanation was the difference between auricular 
height as obtained by the two methods, which showed itself both in Thomson's 
and Crewdson Benington's work, and which Thomson was at a loss to account 
for*. 
Ranke's craniophor which is used in the Biometric Laboratory was designed 
by the late Professor J. Ranke to provide means of obtaining easily the cranial 
measurements prescribed by the Frankfurt Concordat, among others the auricular 
height. This craniophor holds the skull in position supported on ear-plugs, and the 
auricular height should be measured from the top of the ear-plugs, the Frankfurt 
definition being "vertical"' height of skull above the auricular points. A vertical" 
rod to which a movable horizontal bar is attached is marked with a scale, which 
begins only at 38 mms., and from this the auricular height is read off. I have 
discovered that this scale, by an error of the instrument-maker, is actually gradu- 
ated from the middle of the ear-plug, instead of from the top, as had always been 
assumed; and the diameter of the rod being 5 mms., the reading on the scale has 
always been 2-5 mms. in excess of the true auricular height. This error, which only 
became obvious when there were contour measurements to compare with direct 
* Biomclrika, Vol. xi. p. 127. 
