Karl Pp^arson 
339 
the trouble to compare the artificial deformed skull on p. 475 of their Text with 
the Moriori skull on Plate LV of their Atlas will see at once that the Moriori skull 
has a naturally receding frontal and not an artificial one; they will see the difference 
between the post-coronal depression of the Moriori and that of the Peruvian deformed 
skull. The n)ain difference between Thomson's photograph reproduced (without 
permission !) by the Italian Professor and Quatrefages and Haray's lithograph is 
the tilt in the former produced by adjusting it to the Frankfurt horizontal plane. 
In the norma lateralis of a deformed skull the lowest point of the rim of the orbit 
joined to the pterion gives a line meeting the posterior part of the sagittal contour 
in about its most posterior point. In the natiual skull it will meet the sagittal 
contour in the neighbourhood of the apex — i.e. in the vorma verticalis and not the 
norma occipitalis. See our Plate I. 
Fridolin* has described and measurerl one Moriori adult male cranium. He has 
not referred to any deformation, yet he was fully conscious of this possibility for he 
figures and describes a New Guinea skull, "wahrscheinlich kiinstlich deformirt." 
Broesikef has examined two Moriori crania from the Chatham Islands. Of the 
second he says nothing as to deformation. Of the" first he tells us that it is that 
of a youth, much weathered and very porous with the sutures, gaping. He says — 
which is not to be wondered at — that the skull appears to be misshaped J ("verun- 
staltet"). His description of the asymmetrical " Verunstaltung" accords well with 
the not unusual post-mortem deformation of the thin cranium of a young person. 
Anyhow, whether this be the fact or not, he does not describe the skull as 
artificially deformed, and this is the only reference to deformation of Moriori crania 
that we have come across in the literature of the subject till Professor Giuffrida- 
Ruggeri's memoir. 
Poll, whose training in the Anatomische-hiologisches Institvt in the University 
of Berlin should at least have taught him to recognise an artificially deformed skull, 
had ten male and three female Moriori, with two skulls indeterminable as to sex and 
five children's crania to work on. He gives almost a page of minute qualitative 
description to each skull, but he describes none as being " kiinstlich deformirt." 
Nor does he tacitly reject lengths or indices which would be meaningless if his 
crania had been artificially deformed. He discusses them all as racial characters§. 
Duckworth, who is not only an anatomist by profession but Lecturer on 
Physical Anthrojiology at Cambridge, reported' in 1900 on ten Moriori crania at 
Cambridge ||, but he did more, he examined very carefully for anomalies the (3-5 
Moriori crania at the Royal College of Surgeons afterwards studied by Thomson. 
* Archiv fiir Anthropolorjie, Bd. xxvi. S. 69G and Tafel xiii. 1900. 
t Die Antliropologischcn Savimlungcn Deutschlmuh, Theil Berlin, Erster Tlieil, S. 51, 52. 
X He does not use the technical term "kiinstlich deformirt " but a term which would apply to earth 
pressure on a thin skull. This is probably the skull which Poll terms Bl. 2 and says is that of a non-adult 
of 15 years of age; he says it is "porotisch," "zerbrochen" and "eingedriickt," but he says nothing 
about artificial deformation. 
§ Zeitschrift fitr Morpholoyie imd Anthropologie, Bd. v. S. 7, e.t acq. 1903. 
il Journal o) the Anthropological Institute, Vol. xxx. p. 141 et seq. 1900. 
