Transactions of tJie Boyal Society of Soutli Africa. 
fRadical leaves petiolate, spreading, not ciliate. 
Stem narrowly paniculately branched from near or 
below the middle ; flower-heads numerous ; cauline 
leaves 2-3 in. long 3. JacohszicB, 
Stem corymbosely or racemosely branched towards the 
apex ; flower-heads few ; cauline leaves i-1 in. long. 
Stem corymbosely branched ; calyx-teeth i~ line 
long 4. setifera. 
Stem racemosely branched ; calyx-teeth } line long. . 8. gracilis. 
tfRadical leaves subsessile, rosulate, densely ciliate. 
Stem ft. high, clothed with bristle-margined leaves, 
in. long 21. conciuna, 
b. Stem leafy towards the base, the upper cauline leaves usually 
inconspicuous and distant. 
fLeaves coriaceous, serrate ; stem more or less terminally 
branched ; branches invariably stiff. 
Branches of the inflorescence 2-3 in. long ; leaves coarsely 
serrate- setose ; larger involucral segments about 1 line 
broad 5. longifolia. 
Branches of the inflorescence 1 in. long ; leaves closely 
and finely serrate-ciliate ; larger involucral segments 
1\ line broad 7. coarctata. 
tfLeaves thin, dentate; stem invariably branching from near 
or below the middle ; branches lax and slender 6. propinqna. 
c. Stem subnude, ^-2 ft. high ; cauline leaves obsolete ; developed 
leaves chiefly radical. 
fLeaf -margin obviously toothed or with rigid bristles ; seg- 
ments of the involucre usually 10, equal or unequal. 
Bristles between the teeth often inflexed and adpressed to 
the upper leaf surface. 
Leaves cordate-oblong, dentate or crenate-dentate, teeth 
regular 11. ciliaris. 
Leaves linear-lanceolate, serrate, often irregularly 
toothed 12. serrata. 
No bristles between the teeth. 
*Stem terminally branched. 
Leaves lanceolate, tapering to the base 16. comosa. 
Leaves oblong, rounded or cordate at the base. 
Segments of the involucre equal ; leaf-margin 
serrate ; calyx-teeth J line long . . . . 15. Sioynnertonii. 
Segments of the involucre unequal ; leaf-margin 
crenate-dentate ; calyx-teeth l~ line long . . . . 14. Galinnii. 
**Stem branched from below the middle; leaves oblong, 
obovate to oblanceolate. 
Involucre when expanded not exceeding ^ in. across. 
Petiole terete, slender ; leaf cordate at the base ; 
marginal teeth keeled . . . . 13. cordata. 
Petiole flattened, 2-3 lines broad ; leaf attenuate at 
the base ; teeth not keeled. 
Leaf-teeth triangular; calyx-teeth obtuse .. .. 9. Wuodii.* 
Leaf -teeth narrowly subulate : calyx-teeth acute 10. Tysonii* 
Involucre when expanded exceeding J in. across. 
* Cauline leaves may occasionally be developed in these two species. 
