266 Transactions of the Royal Society of Soitth Africa. 
and E. Altensteinii, &c., that one is almost forced to conclude that it has 
either retained or evolved a disposition of its parts suited to another 
method of pollination. 
Summary and Conclusion. 
E. villosus grows exclusively in the shade of macrophyllous woods and 
forests. 
In many places where it flourishes the force of the wind must be 
reduced to a minimum. 
Associated plants of the same height are almost without exception 
entomophilous. 
The male cone is of a conspicuous colour and emits a powerful odour. 
Curculionid beetles are attracted to the male cones. 
The same species of insect visit the female cones to deposit their eggs 
in the ovules immediately after leaving the male cones and while pollen is 
still adhering to their bodies. 
The descending imbrication of the female cone makes the admission of 
wind-borne pollen almost impossible. 
E. villosus is entomophilous. 
STANGEEIA. 
The species of Stangeria to which the following observations refer is 
that commonly known as Stangeria Katzeri, described and figured by 
Eegel in Gartenflora, 1874. 
In the neighbourhood of East London and from there to its western 
limit — the Kowie Eiver — it is essentially a grassland or savannah plant, 
most abundant on grassy slopes with an east to south aspect. Although 
it seems to hug the forest fringe it rarely enters the woods or bush-covered 
valleys, and when it does seldom penetrates for more than a few yards. 
It is by no means a rare plant, but its distribution is curiously inter- 
rupted ; for the most part it is found in groups or colonies, which are 
separated from one another by well-marked but variable intervals. 
In any one year the Stangerias of a particular colony may produce 
cones in abundance, while in neighbouring colonies cones are either 
extremely rare or altogether absent. 
The cones make their appearance much later than those of the local 
species of Encephalartos, being rarely visible before the latter half of April. 
Male cones are produced much more abundantly than females, although 
the proportion varies from 14 : 1 to 5 : 3. 
The mature male cone reaches a height of about 12 inches, including a 
peduncle of 4 inches, but the actual length depends to some extent on 
the surroundings. Where, from the grazing of herbivorous animals or 
from other causes, the grass is short, the total height may not exceed 
