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Transactions of tJie Boyal Society of South Africa. 
intermediate between the Strandlooper and the Hottentot. In order to 
satisfy myself regarding the three skeletons under observation, I have 
made careful investigation of them, and have found that according to 
Shrubsall's methods and tables they would appear to fall into the inter- 
mediate group between the Strandloopers and Hottentots, and to which 
Cunningham * has given the name of Hottentot-Bushmen. 
Few regions, indeed, of the skeletons of the South African Bushman 
have failed to give evidence of distinct racial character ; thus the crania 
with regard to their capacities and indices have been carefully examined 
by many observers and found to present characteristic racial structure. 
The same holds good of the vertebral column, especially in its lumbar and 
sacral regions, as well as many of the bones of the upper and lower 
limbs. 
In this paper it is proposed to deal with the vertebral column, and 
although the number of specimens is small, still, certain points in the 
cervical and thoracic regions appear to be possibly of some importance 
for verification by examination of further material. With regard to the 
lumbar and sacral regions, the results help to swell the necessary data for 
a satisfactory definite classification. For purposes of comparison I have 
examined the vertebral column in three European skeletons, the various 
measurements and indices being compared with one another. 
The centrum and vertebral foramen each lend themselves to measure- 
ment, and the following indices have been constructed. 
Corims. — The antero-posterior length is taken through the centrum 
from front to back at points equidistant from the upper and lower borders : 
the breadth or transverse diameter — from the central point between the 
anterior and posterior roots of the processus transversus medial to the 
foramen transversarium on the caudal aspect of the bone, the callipers 
being most conveniently adjusted at this point ; the depth — from the 
centres of the corpus on the cranial and caudal surfaces. 
Foramen Vertebrate. — The antero-posterior length is measured from 
the upper border of the posterior surface of the corpus to the centre of the 
Cervical Begion. Vertebrae Cervicales. 
Length-Breadth Index 
Length-Depth Index 
Length x 100 
Breadth 
Depth X 100 
Length 
* Cunningham, " Memoirs II." 
