viii Transactions of the Boyal Society of South Africa. 
size was almost that of a newly-born baby. Even Anthropodus of the 
Lower Pliocene — which Schlosser does not, however, place in his 
genealogical list, perhaps because only a tooth of the animal is known 
— could have hardly exceeded the size of a twelve-year-old child. 
Keith, however, ascribes to Pithecantropus a height of 5 feet 6 inches. 
According to Boule the average size of the men of Neanderthal type is 
1 m. 58 c, or 5 feet 2 inches. 
But before coming to that Neanderthal man, to whom I have found it 
necessary to allude twice, it is necessary to mention what has been dubbed 
the " Iconian " stone industry. 
Lately there has been found in a bed which is the undisturbed base of 
the Eed Crag, near Ipswich, in Suffolk, flints which the finder, Mr. E. Moir, 
alleges have been worked by man. They were found in hollows on an 
eroded surface of London Clay ; and it seems indisputable that this bed 
in which the flints occur is the undisturbed base of the Eed Crag. But it 
is disputable if these flint implements are artefacts, or whether they come 
in again in the category of ''eoliths." Professor Eay Lankester, in a 
well-illustrated memoir just published in the Transactions of the Eoyal 
Society, maintains that they are the fabrication of man. They are mostly 
of what he calls the "eagle-beak or rostro-carinate " type, and possess a 
form differing entirely from that of any other Palaeolith. He accounts for 
the glacial scratchings on the implements found by Moir by the conclusion 
that the basal deposit of the Eed Crag is subsequent to the glaciation of 
the land surface. The " men who made the Sub-Crag implements existed 
on an extensive land surface which touched the sea-line at a spot which 
is now Suffolk. Probably they were there during a period of mild cHmate 
coincident with the deposit of the Coralline crag. The bed in which the 
implements are found was probably deposited in quite shallow water, the 
flints being carried in and deposited by ice. The implements characterise 
a phase of development earlier than any hitherto known by equally 
indisputable evidence." 
It is not necessary to discuss here the arguments adduced by Messrs. 
Moir and Eay- Lankester. It might be urged that many of the specimens 
affect forms of the Thenay and Aurillac eoliths ; that the peculiar 
"rostro-carinate" shape maybe caused by a fault (chink or crevice) in 
the nucleus ; that the striae considered as of glacial origin, might have 
been produced by the displacement of sand particles on the surface of the 
flint, as now occurs in geological beds exposed to strong pressure ; also 
that remaniements of that part of the bed are quite possible. 
But to me, the main point of importance is that Eay Lankester would 
bring the Eed Crag forward from the Pliocene to the Pleistocene, to make 
them fit in, I presume, with the lithic culture of the genus Hovio. 
Whether it will be found equally convenient to rejuvenate the horizons 
