President' s Address. 
ix 
of Thenay, and Aurillac, among others for the place usually assigned to 
them, namely, Upper Oligocene and Upper Miocene, respectively, is 
another matter. In a postscript to the said memoir, Eay Lankester 
mentions worked flints that have been found resting on Eocene Clay, upon 
the seashore of Selsea Bill, Sussex ; and also of rostro-carinate imple- 
ments near the deposit of Aurillac, already alluded to. This leads him to 
state that " there is a good deal of evidence leading one to entertain, at 
any rate, as a hypothesis to be further tested — the possibility of a com- 
munity of origin of the Icenian, the Ighthamian and the Aurillacian 
industries. But if Lankester is right in his removal of the Pliocene Eed 
Crag into the Pleistocene because of the implements found there, man's 
industry would have proven even more useful for Geology than his 
skeleton. 
We ought to have soon some better proofs than those obtained from 
flints that may or may not be artefacts, because Eeid Moir and Keith have 
discovered at Ipswich a skeleton which they said represented pre-Boulder 
Clay man — the said skeleton is said to have been found in glacial sand 
underlying Boulder Clay ; and the publication of a memoir by Smith 
Woodward, on a skeleton found in the same horizon as the Kent Plateau 
Eoliths is announced. It is therefore wise to wait for these forthcoming 
accounts. Keith, however, says that the Ipswich man differed both from 
the Heidelberg man and the Java man, and *' in every point in which he 
differs from them he approaches modern man." This statement is, a 
priori, not very reassuring. 
The Palaeoliths. 
Let us now see what this Heidelberg man is. This earliest trace of 
Neanderthal type of man was discovered in the valley of Neckar, a few 
miles above the university town of Heidelberg. It was found in the sands 
of the Mauer, some three miles and a half from the river. These sands, 
it is alleged, were laid down in the bed of the ancient river soon after the 
Pleistocene began. Bones and teeth of an extinct rhinoceros, and of a 
kind of horse, Equus stenonis, were found in the same layers, and it is 
stated that the beds are deeper and much older than the glacial Boulder 
Clay. It is therefore claimed that the sands were laid down near the 
beginning of the Pleistocene, or Upper Pliocene. Many people are rather 
sceptical, however, about the authenticity given to this deposit, and Sollas 
very justly remarks that the existence of a horse allied to Equus stenonis 
represented at Chelles itself, can no longer be cited in favour of the 
Pliocene Age of the Heidelberg jaw. Now, in shape and size the Heidel- 
berg mandible shows a condition intermediate to the Anthropoid and the 
modern human forms. According to Keith " the anthropoid jaw is the 
primitive one; the mandible is framed to serve the purpose of mastication; 
