President's Address. 
xiii 
Africa or Africa than it did in Europe, where it does not go beyond the 
limit of the Pleistocene, whereas in North and South America it survived 
during the Pleistocene period. A corroboration of this hypothesis is to be 
found in the fact that these teeth are those of the Bunolo'p'kon group of the 
genus Mastodon in which the North African species are included. 
Here, however, the lithic industry will again prove of avail. This is 
one of man's artefacts, a hand-wedge, from Windsorton, found in numbers 
almost without end, in the very gravels I am speaking of. See how pitted 
the surface is, how worn the flaked edges. Yet, when broken in two not 
only does it show^ that the original texture of the rock or round boulder 
from which it was "knapped" was not naturally pitted, but you will 
notice round the periphery a conspicuous zone of weathering or disintegra- 
tion amounting to nearly one-fifth of the diameter. This is indeed an 
important piece of evidence : one that makes quite possible the acceptance 
of the contemporaneity of man with the Mastodon in South Africa, and 
thereby establishing for Homo, whether neanderthalensis, or sa]oiens, the 
greatest antiquity yet attributed to him. 
And here evidence of this kind can be repeated ad infinitum. Here 
are large flakes and small flakes from East London made of the same 
material as that of the hand-wedges or amygdaloid bou6hers from Wind- 
sorton. When broken in two they exhibit the same process of weathering. 
Unlike the Windsorton implements these have probably never been under 
water ; the process of decomposition, if the term is permissible, is the 
same, even more intensified. It is with large flakes of this type that the 
two extinct Antelopes already alluded to were found. 
No evidence of the great antiquity of man in South Africa could be 
more conclusive than that offered by this man's artefacts. 
