Madeline H. Whiting 
ir 
(6) On the Relation of External Temperature to the Physiological Variates. 
In the memoir by Williams, Bell and Pearson, it has been shown that such variations 
as occur in seasonal change of external temperature do not influence the body 
temperature of one and the same individual*. The present material enables us 
to confirm this result for fairly long series of temperatures on different individuals. 
We have correlated external temperature with body temperature, pulse and 
respiration, and find the following values : 
Correlation of External Temperature and Body Temperature : — -002 ± -023. 
Correlation of External Temperature and Pulse: + -108 ± -023. 
Correlation of External Temperature and Respiration: + -067 ± -023. 
Thus body and external temperatures are to the extent of seasonal change unrelated. 
Pulse quickens and respiration quickens in rather warmer weather. But again 
these environmental influences are of a very unimportant nature, and the associa- 
tions are even less than those between the physiological and physical characters. 
(7) On the Individuality of the Physiological Variates. We have seen that 
temperature, pulse and respiration are variates, which have in reality very little 
association with physique as measured by such anthropometric characters as age, 
height or weight ; nor are they, within the limits of non-hospital state, at all closely 
associated with general health or nutrition. Further they are practically unrelated 
to occupation (nature of labour) or environment (external temperature) as far 
as we have been hitherto able to measure these factors. Does this therefore 
signify that they are quantities rapidly varying, changed by a variety of causes 
' not yet appreciated, and of no essential importance to the individual, as having 
no close relation to any of the bigger measurable factors of personality, physique 
or environment? The answer to this question is, perhaps, best sought by asking 
which of all the characters we have dealt with is most closely related to the physio- 
logical variates? There cannot be a doubt that the answer must be the mentality 
of the individual, and this factor of individuality we know to be one that is remark- 
ably persistent and personal. The majority of the weak-minded are congeni tally 
weak-minded, and but few of them really change their intellectual grade in the course 
of their life-time. Those who believe that intellectual power is the product of 
environment, or on the other hand that it is closely related to physique, or to any 
anthropometric measurement of the external body, have yet to demonstrate their 
position, and many facts have been collected which are markedly opposed to itf. 
There is much evidence to show that the chief mental characters flow from con- 
genital and hereditary potentialities. Can it be that these physiological variates 
have a like origin? The actual demonstration of this cannot, perhaps, be com- 
pleted on the basis of our present data, but very weighty evidence for its truth can, 
however, be deduced. We have already indicated that in the majority of cases the 
observation of temperature, pulse and respiration was repeated at an interval 
* See loc. cit. pp. 5-7. 
t See R. 8. Proc. Vol. 69, pp. 333-342, Vol. 71, pp. 106-114; Biomdrika, Vol. rii. p. 39, et seq., 
Vol. V. pp. 105-146. Letters in British Medical Journal, January 27 — March 17, 1906, etc. 
Biometrika xi 2 
