Madeline H. Whiting 
1 
stated by Professor Norsworthy* to have a lower temperature than normal- 
minded children, or else Norsworthy's material by including idiots was differ- 
entiated from weak-minded criminals, or again was unreliable owing to the brief 
period of insertion of the thermometer, and possibly to insufficient care in keeping 
the mouths of the mentally defective children closed during the observation. 
It is not possible in our case to account for this temperature difference by either 
(i) difference of agef or (ii) difference of observed pathological states other than 
those summed up in the word weak-minded. 
One of the noteworthy points of Table A is that when we pass from one or other 
type of heart trouble (V or VII) and from the epileptic and weak-minded groups 
to chronic and organic disorders and diseases of a degree of activity which does 
not involve hospital segregation, we find, without laying too great stress on the 
individual order, that they tend on the whole to subnormal temperatures. 
(3) Further Differentiated Characters of the Weak-minded and N orwal-minded 
Populations. 
A study of Table B shows that the weak-minded criminal is differentiated 
from the normal-minded J in a number of other characters beyond body temperature. 
TABLE B. 
Table of Means, Standard Deviations and Coefficients of Correlation of the Chief Va.ria,tes dealt with. 
Variate 
Unit 
Mean 
Standard Deviation 
Coefficient of Variation 
Whole 
Population 
Weak- 
minded 
Whole 
Population 
Weak- 
minded 
Whole 
Population 
Weak- 
minded 
Age 
Temperature 
Pulse 
Respiration 
Height 
Weight 
Years 
Degs. Fahr. 
Per minute 
Per minute 
Inches 
Lbs. 
43-518±-438 
98-373 + -on 
74-215±-245 
18-98.5 + -075 
65-281 + -082 
142-147 + -516 
38-160 + -717 
98-547 + -022 
77-620 + -578 
19-679 + -168 
64-788 + -185 
134-397 + -951 
14-510+ -.309 
-486 + -008§ 
11-062 ±-173" 
3-.380 + -053 
2-682 + -0,58 
16-996 + -365 
10- 627 ±-507 
-454 + -016 
11- 852 + -409 
3-433 + -119 
2-706 + -131 
13-881 + -672 
.33-34±-79 
-49 + -01 
14-89 + -24 
17-80 + -29 
4-11 + -09 
11 -96 + -26 
27-85 + 1-43 
-46+ -02 
15-27+ -54 
17-45+ -62 
4-18+ -20 
10-33+ -51 
* loc. cit. on our p. 2. 
t Thii? is confirmed by the correlation —-229 ±[-030] for mentality and temperature for constant 
age. See Table C. 
J The term " normal-minded" is throughout this paper used of that portion of the criminal population 
not classed as weak-minded, and is not intended to serve as the basis of any opinion as to whether tlie 
non -weak-minded criminal is or is not mentally differentiated from the general non criminal normal- 
minded population. 
§ It will be noticed that the value of this standard deviation is in very close agreement with those 
found for first and second temperatures in the case of children by Williams, Bell and Pearson. See 
loc. cit. p. 10, where tr^, = -5343 and o-^^ = -4803. 
