Volume XI 
NOVEMBER, 1915 
NOS. 1 AND 2 
BIOMETRIKA 
ON THE ASSOCIATION OF TEMPERATURE, PULSE AND 
' RESPIRATION WITH PHYSIQUE AND INTELLIGENCE 
IN CRIMINALS: A STUDY IN CRIMINAL ANTHRO- 
POMETRY 
By MADELINE H. WHITING 
CONTENTS 
PAGE 
(1) Introductory ........... 1 
(2) Temperature 2 
(3) Further differentiated Characters of the Weak-minded and Normal- 
minded Populations ......... 7 
(4) On the Interphysiological Correlations . . . . . . 12 
(5) On the Correlations between the Physiological and the Physical Variates 15 
(6) On the Relation of External Temperature to the Physiological Variates . 17 
(7) On the Individuality of the Physiological Variates .... 17 
Appendix. Correlation Tables ........ 20 
Alphabetical Index to Correlation Tables in Appendix ... 37 
(1) Introductory. In a recent investigation as to school children by Williams, 
Bell and Pearson*, it was shown that in a series of seven schools temperature 
was negatively correlated with weight for constant age, and further in six out 
of the seven school series negatively correlated with stature for constant age. The 
correlations were on the whole small, but definitely significant. In the great public 
schools the temperature appeared, allowing for age, to be lower than in the 
elementary schools. An association was thus suggested between intelligence and 
temperature, the more intelligent having the lower temperature. This result 
might well be considered as spurious, and due to differences of nurture, particularly 
to differences of nutrition. On the other hand various writers have asserted 
that low temperatures are associated with low intelligence, and it is usually stated 
* "A Statistical Study of Oral Temperatures in Scliool fjhildren," Braperts' Company Research 
Memoirs. Studies iti National Deierioratioii, No. iv (Cambridge University Press). See pp. 57 and 59. 
Biometrika xi 1 
