Eveline Y. Thomson 
85 
craniophor, that is the height perpendicular to the horizontal plane above the line 
joining the upper points of the margins of the auricular orifices. LB = length 
from basion to nasion. ZP = profile angle, measured with goniometer, the 
skull being on the craniophor. Q = transverse arc from upper margin of one 
auricular passage to upper margin of the other, the arc being taken perpendicular 
to the horizontal plane with the skull on the craniophor. This perpendicular 
arc goes generally behind the bregma through a point, the "apex," which is 
marked on the skull by the sliding bar of the craniophor, i.e. the bar by which 
OH is obtained. Q' is the same measure taken when the skull is off the craniophor*. 
S = sagittal arc from nasion to opisthion. S-^^ = arc from nasion to bregma, 
= arc from bregma to lambda, = arc from lambda to opisthion. S\ = chord 
from lambda to opisthion. U = horizontal circumference measured directly above 
the superciliary ridges and round the most projecting part of occiput. G'H = upper 
face height from nasion to alveolar point. GB = face breadth from the lower — 
end of one zygomatic-maxillary suture to that of the other. J = zygomatic 
breadth, from the most lateral point of one zygomatic arch to that of the other. 
NH = nasal height from nasion to the lowest edge of left pyriform aperture (in 
cases where this is damaged the lowest edge of right aperture is taken ; if there 
be a marked difference between the heights of the two apertures, both heights 
are given). NB = nasal breadth, greatest breadth of nasal aperture, wherever 
it may be. 0^ = breadth of orbit, B. and L, the greatest breadth from side to 
sidef. O2 = height of orbit, R and L, taken perpendicular to 0^. Gi = length 
of palate, from the point of the spina nasalis posterior to an imaginary surface 
tangential to the inner alveolar surfaces of the mesial incisors. G\ = length 
from base of spine. G^ = breadth of palate between the inner alveolar walls at 
the second molars. GL = profile, or basi-alveolar length, from basion to alveolar 
point, fml = length of foramen magnum ; fmb = greatest breadth of foramen 
magnum. GH = face height. 
Weight of skull in grams. In this series the actual weight of the skull (measured 
without mandible) was taken, as the crania being so abnormally heavy, it was 
thought the individual weights of the skulls might be of some interest. 
The indices calculated are: the cephalic indices 100 B/L', 100 H/L', 100 B/L, 
100 HjL and 100 B/H ; the upper facial index 100 G'HjGB ; the nasal index 
100 NB/NH; the right and left orbital indices 100 O^IOi] the palate index 
S I S 
100(72/6/1; the occipital index Oc. /. = 100 v^*/ ^ ; the foraminal 
w 3 V 24(^3 — *S 3) 
index 100 . Finally the gnathic index has been obtained from mean values. 
* Q is taken with the tape over the skull and measured from the top of one ear rod to the top of the 
other; it is somewhat troublesome to take. Q' is easier, but owing to the recessing of the margins 
of the auricular passages is not quite the same as Q. The differences in Q and Q' are partly due to this, 
partly to observational error. The mean values : Q = 316-11 for (Js, = 310-00 for $s, and Q' = 315-94 
for (Js. = 310-20 for Qs, show that there is close concordance of both methods in determining type. 
f On the difficulties of measurement of 0^ : see Biometrika, Vol. iii. p. 201. 
