86 
A Study of the Ct^ania of the Moriori 
The twelve mandibles available were measured : ii\ = condylar width, or 
greatest width from outside one condyle to outside of second ; w.2, = greatest width 
at angles from outside one angle to outside of the other ; = greatest height, 
from lowest median projection to top of alveolar margin between mesial incisors; 
and zz— distance between foramina mentalia. The mandibles were too few in 
number to justify a more elaborate system of measurements. Also the following 
angles were taken in the manner described by Cicely FaAvcett * : (a) profile angle 
{/-P) as already mentioned measured with Ranke's goniometer; (6) angle between 
upper face length and profile length, the alveolar angle {/~A), determined from 
the length measurements GL, G'H and LB by aid of Pearson's trigonometer ; 
(c) angle between skull basis, and upper face length, the nasal angle (/-N), deter- 
mined as in (fe) ; {d) angle between skull basis and profile length, the basilar angle 
(Z.5), determined as in (b) ; (e) angle between skull basis and the standard horizontal 
plane {6^), the basio-nasal horizontal angle, determined as in (b) with the use of 
profile angle as found by goniometer. (/) Angle between profile length and the 
standard horizontal plane (^2)' basio-alveolar horizontal angle, determined 
as in (e). 
Sex. I first recorded my own opinion as to the sex of the skulls, and then 
Professor Pearson gave me his judgment on them. In one or two cases, where 
it was most difficvdt to determine the sex, and we could not agree, appeal was 
made to Professor Keith, and he kindly gave his opinion also. 
3. Contours. A study of the three chief contours of these crania was made. 
These contours were drawn by aid of a Klaatsch contour tracer, in the same manner 
as the contours traced by Dr Crewdson Benington in his paper in Biometrika, 
Vol. VIII. p. 123, on Cranial Type Contours. From these contours were obtained 
the average or type contours of the Moriori crania. The construction of the type 
contours was as follows : 
(a) TJie transverse, vertical, or auricular coronal section. The skull being 
placed on the craniophor, and adjusted in the usual manner to the standard 
horizontal plane, the horizontal rod of the craniophor determines the "apex" 
of the skull. The plane through the apex of the skull (which is marked with a 
pencil stroke) and the "auricular points" is the transverse vertical plane of the 
skull. The skull being now transferred to the Klaatsch apparatus, the vertical 
plane is made horizontal and the contour traced from "auricular point" to "auri- 
cular point" through the apex. The line joining auricular point to auricular 
point is the auricular line of the contour, and the line perpendicular to it through 
its mid-point is the vertical axis MA of the transverse vertical contour. This 
vertical axis is divided into ten equal parts by aid of the proportional compasses, 
and lines parallel to the auricular line are drawn through the points of division; 
these lines will not necessarily be bisected by the vertical axis owing to the asymmetry 
of the skull. They are numbered from below upwards 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 
* Biometrika, Vol. i. p. 418. 
