Eveline Y. Thomson 
87 
where 1 represents the lengths on the auricular axis. An eleventh line is taken 
one-quarter of the last section from the apex, the distances to R and L of the 
vertical axis up to the contour are measured off along these eleven horizontals. 
Also the length of the vertical axis MA is measured. Since the skull is placed 
with the occiput downwards on the Klaatsch, the right side of the skull is to 
the observer's left when viewing the contour, and the left of the skull to his right. 
This is reversed in plotting type-contours in order to obtain the norfna occipitalis* . 
The following measurements are now entered in the columns of the record for 
each contour — the sum of IR and IL being the interauricular diameter: 
M.A. 
IR 
IL 
2R 
2L 
3R 
2L 
4:R 
4L 
5R 
5L 
GR 
6i 
7-R 
7L 
SR 
8L 
9R 
9L 
lOR 
lOL 
AiR 
AIL 
The means of the columns give the corresponding lengths for the type skull 
and from these we can plot the points on the type section ; this section is then 
drawn between the points by aid of a spline, and we thus reach the transverse 
type contour. See Figs. Ill and IV for male and female respectively. 
(6) The glabellar horizontal section. This is obtained by placing the skull on 
the craniophor, and by aid of the scriber marking points on the same horizontal 
plane as the nasion and the gamma, in the region above both auricular passages. 
The skull is now adjusted in the Klaatsch holder, apex downwards, until these 
four points are shown to be in the same horizontal plane. The horizontal contovir 
is then drawn parallel to this plane but through the glabella ; it will fall below the 
lambda, and does not pass far from the occipital point. The points in the median 
plane immediately above the nasion and below the lambda on this contour are 
especially marked with the Klaatsch tracer. They will be spoken of as F and 0, 
the glabellar and occipital points. FO is the fronto-occipital line of the horizontal 
section. This fronto-occipital line being found, it is divided into ten equal parts 
by the proportional compasses, and lines perpendicular to the fronto-occipital 
line are drawn through the points of division, and the lengths up to the contour 
measured right and left. To obtain the frontal and occipital curvatures, parallel 
lines at F\ and 0\ were taken as in the other cases. 
In the case of the Moriori contour there were such sharp projections at the 
linea temporalis that ordinates perpendicular to the fronto-occipital line both 
right and left were drawn to the most projecting points. These are the ordinates 
* Benington (Biomelrika, Vol. vra. p. 151 etc.) gives the transverse section as nortna facialis, and 
his tracings must be reversed in superposition on mine. 
