88 
A Study of the Crania of the Moriori 
Tr and Tl with abscissae xr and Xl. To complete this contour in the neighbour- 
hood of the glabella extra lines were measured at quarter and half the distance 
from i^' to 2 ; these lines are spoken of as the F\ and F\ lines. All these points 
being recorded they were found sufficient by aid of a spline to reconstruct the 
horizontal section effectively. 
When we look at any horizontal contour with the frontal point towards us, 
the right of the skull is on our right, as it would be if we were facing the actual 
skull the right way up. The ordinates are reversed in plotting the type contour in 
order to obtain the norma verticalis. 
We have the following measurements entered in our recording book : 
FO 
FiR 
FiL 
FhR 
F\L 
2R 
2L 
3R 
3L 
4:R 
4L 
5R 
5L 
6R 
QL 
IR 
IL 
8R 
8L 
9R 
9L 
10 E 
lOL 
OiR 
OIL 
Tr 
Tl 
Xr 
XL 
The means are again found for all the columns. The results are plotted, splined 
in, and we obtain the type horizontal section for S and See Figs. V and VI. 
(c) The sagittal or median section. The skull being again placed on the cranio- 
phor and adjusted to the Frankfurt horizontal plane, the point y on the same 
horizontal level as the nasion is marked off on the median plane of the skull by 
means of the scriber. The skull is now removed to the Klaatsch, and adjusted 
so that the nasion, bregma and lambda lie in the same horizontal plane. The 
contour is then drav\^n, starting from the alveolar point. The alveolar point, the 
nasion, the bregma, the apex, the vertex, the lambda, the gamma, the inion, the 
opisthion, the basion, and the auricular point are all marked on this contour drawing. 
We now take the horizontal line through the nasion, i.e. the line linking the nasion 
to the gamma, as our "horizontal axis" and divide it into ten equal pieces by aid 
of the proportional compasses. The nasion counting as 0, and the other divisions 
from nasion to gamma as 1, 2, 3, 4. . .9, ordinates are drawn through these ten 
points perpendicular to the horizontal axis. Lines 8 and 9 are produced, and 
continued on the other side of the horizontal axis ; a further upright is taken near 
the gamma at J the distance from the gamma to 9 ; this for brevity is termed the 
y| line; this line is also produced and continued below the horizontal axis. At 
0, i.e. vertically through the nasion, there will in most male skulls be a sensible 
ordinate roughly of about 20 mm. In order to get the curvature in the neighbour- 
hood of the glabella a vertical tangent was drawn by aid of the set-square to the 
most projecting part of the glabella ; the point in which the tangent meets the 
