Eveline Y. Thomson 
105 
is at ordinates 3 and 4 that the maximum difference takes place ; it is the depression 
of the fades temporalis which is the marked differential feature of the two contours. 
If the Guanche contour (Fig. XXVI) be superposed in the same manner, the 
depression is substantial, but not so marked. When we turn to the Egyptian and 
Congo contours (Figs. XX and XI), we must adopt a somewhat different super- 
position. We place 0 on 0 and OF in the direction OF. We find at once that 
the posterior portions of these contours fit surprisingly close to the Moriori contour, 
but that the massive frontal development of the Moriori is completely lacking. 
To bring out this special feature of the Moriori we may form a Temporal Index 
by measuring the percentage that Ordinate 3 is of the length of the section. We 
have the following results : 
Race 
Temporal Index 
Ordinate 3 
" Minimum Frontal Breadth 
Moriori 
50-9 
99-1 
Cro-Magnon 
55-7 
Egyptian 
,'50-2 
1120 
Eskimo 
57-2 
Congo, Bantu* 
57-.5 
104-8 
Guanche 
58-3 
English 
58-8 
1II-6 
There are clearly somewhat mixed factors at work here, but the essentially 
differentiated character of the Moriori cranium is well-marked. It is the develop- 
ment of the fronto-temporal regions which especially distinguishes the crania of 
the English commonalty and the Guanche crania from the Moriori. 
We now turn to the sagittal contours, where, as we have already remarked, we 
have not unfortunately the basal triangle and occipital portion of the Benington 
contours for full comparison. The first problem is : Which standard line is to 
be superposed? We have actually the inion, the lambda, the bregma and the 
nasion as definite points, and the glabella and occipital as less definite localities. 
Schwalbe takes the glabella-inion line, Klaatsch the glabella-lambda line; we 
may also take the nasio-lambda line, or the nasio-gamma line, which is a line 
through the nasion parallel to the Frankfurt standard horizontal plane, meeting the 
occipital in y. Personally we doubt the value of any line drawn to either glabella or 
inion, as applied to the individual cranium ; the terminals are too vague, although 
doubtless when we deal with a type contour, these so-called points average out 
to fairly reliable positions. The glabella-lambda line has been asserted to be 
nearly parallel to the standard horizontal plane "j", but we know of no properly 
drawn type contour in which the height of the lambda is not two to three times 
as great as the height of the glabella above the nasio-gamma line. In default of 
* Fernand Vaz, 1864 Series. 
t Quain's Elements of Anatotny, Vol. iv. Part i. p. 132. 
