Eveline Y. Thomson 
135 
left ramus of the mandible has been broken right across about the level of the 
alveolar ridge, possibly sheared across by a chin or side blow. Plate XX shows 
the right profile with the ramus and right side of the corpus normal; the only 
very obvious defect being the shortening of the mandible relative to the upper 
jaw. Plate XXI, the norma facialis, shows the asymmetry produced by the accident, 
the whole of the lower jaw is tilted. The source of this is explained on examining 
Plate XXII with the left profile ; we see that the ramus has been broken right across, 
and both corpus and ramus on this side have ceased to develop properly. The 
posterior edge of the ramus is no longer nearly vertical as on the right profile, 
but slopes forward to a diminutive perigonal region. The whole mandible has, 
so to speak, been rotated round a vertical axis to allow for the dwarfing of the 
left side of the corpus, thus causing the upper jaw to protrude as seen in the 
profiles, and further has been rotated round a medial horizontal axis to allow for 
the dwarfing of the upper portion of the left ramus ; the combination of these 
two rotations has given the remarkable skew effect produced in the norma facialis. 
The subject must have had a difficult time during life, but appears to have long 
survived his original trouble. 
10. Conclusions. While I am by no means fully satisfied with this study of 
the Moriori skull and see many ways in which, if I could restart this investigation, 
it might be substantially improved, yet I must plead that what I have done has 
been sufficiently laborious to occupy fully my year's tenure of the Crewdson 
Benington Studentship. I can only say that experience has taught me certain 
difficulties which could be rectified should opportunity again offer, and that the 
detailed account I have given of these difficulties may aid others who plan cranial 
contour work. Further I hope to have provided an account of the Moriori skull, 
based on wider data than have hitherto been available; it will, I trust, in the 
future assist in settling racial affinities as more and more cranial material is 
reported on in a standardised form. If the racial affinities I find in the Moriori 
do not wholly coincide with the views of more authoritative anthropologists, 
they may at least serve as suggestions for the further examination of the primitive 
races who still or till recently bordered the Pacific Ocean. I feel confident that 
in the craiiiology of these races will be found a definite key to the evolution of 
man in prehistoric times ; there have, I believe, been more extensive folk- 
wanderings, possibly rendered feasible by geological changes, than we have yet 
recognised. Craniological material from the outlying islands, and the fringes 
of the Pacific continents — if feasible of extinct races — is what one must above 
all things desire. 
