FOHfiST AND STREAM. 
udged accoi'ding to weight, appropriateness, climate and 
Jther standards, After substances have been selected 
o as to accord with all of these more important stand- 
rds, they may then, perhaps, be measured or compared 
n terms of their protein and of their energj'. It is be- 
ieved that, although the following lists have been com- 
)iled with a view to meeting average conditions, they 
nay also be employed as bases for others, intended to 
neet extraordinary conditions. 
Table I. contains series of provisions suitable for 
:amps and expeditions under average American condi- 
ions. The different foods are grouped together, so that 
day's allowance may be formed by selecting any one 
ubstance or a lesser quantity of two or three substances 
rom each of the several groups of meats, breads, veg- 
tables. etc. The protein and energy values of each one 
if the substances thus enumerated are given for ounces, 
"he writer is indebted to Prof. Atwater for the latest 
.gures in this connection. 
able I. — Meals, Breads. Vegetables and Other Foods, Particu- 
larly Suitable for Camps and Expedition.s, with 
Protein and iJnergy Value of Each. 
Protein. Energy. 
Substance. Gramnie.s per Calories per 
Ounce. Ounce. 
Bacon 2.64 175.6 
Ham S.Sn 104.0 
Evaporated eggs 12.58 138.7 
Bacon and ham.., 
Bacon, ham, evaporated eggs. . 
Canned corned beef 7.45 
Canned fresh beef 7. 2 
Canned fresh fowl 
(Presh beef) (4.19) 
Hardtack 3.52 
•White flour......... 3. 11 
White bread 2.66 
Oatmeal 4.76 
Corn meal 2.63 
Farina 3.12 
Cracked wheat 3.60 
Hominy 2.41 
egetaDles....,^y^.jg beans, dried 6.38 
Lima beans, dried 5.13 
Peas, dried 6.97 
Lentils, dried 7.28 
Pea meal (erbwurst) 6.97 
Canned tomatoes concentrated 1,70 
Tea 
Coffee (roast) 
' Chocolate 3,65 
Cocoa ,-...Tf 6+12 
Sugar 
'Saccharine 
Salt 
pndiments... I^PP^r ;■• 
Bakmg powder 
Vinegar, concentrated 
ilk Gonde;ised milk 2.52 
Raisins 0.65 
Prunes 0.51 
Dried apricots,.., 1.33 
uits Dried peaches, 1.33 
Dried apples 0.45 
Canned peaches 0.19 
Canned pears 0.08 
reads. 
80.6 
89.1 
(65!6) 
112.3 
100.9 
75.9 
115.6 
104.4 
104.1 
106.2 
103.4 
102.2 
100.0 
101.2 
103.4 
101,2 
103.4 
32.8 
jverages. 
igar. 
178.7 
145.0 
116.2 
94.7 
90.3 
74.4 
SO. 6 
80.6 
84.4 
13.7 
22.2 
A day's ration to be made up of one item from each of the 
veral groups, or a lesser quantity from two or more varieties 
a group. 
An exception is made in the case of vegetables, where one item 
-ould be selected from each of the several divisions under the 
le head, or three vegetables in all, tomatoes also being included 
lerever transportation permits. 
Table II.— This table groups foods best fitted to meet 
e several conditions of difficult and easy transportation 
id emergencies. The quantity that is to be taken of 
;ch substance is noted, with the corresponding totals 
protein and energy. The selection of appropriate foods 
id figures as to quantity are based upon actual ex- 
rience, checked by comparison of available data. The 
its, with slight variation, have been employed in sev- 
al instances, and have been found to be satisfactory as 
variety. A series of experiments, conducted upon a 
nail body of carefully selected students'' in order to as- 
■rtain what would be a liberal proportion of the foods 
question when thus used in combination, indicates 
at the amounts allowed are at least approximately cor- 
ct for average conditions. 
Waste. — Cans, bones and other waste must be taken 
to acco-imt. 
Tvvo-pound tins of canned corned beef were found to 
insist of 25J/2OZ. meat and 6Hoz. can. Twenty-ounce 
ns of condensed milk of lyyioz. milk and 2'/ioz. tin. 
p.ns of average good tomatoes weighing 2lbs. 90Z. were 
imposed of 2lbs. 30Z. tomatoes and 6oz. tin. These 
me tomatoes, when evaporated to ordinary table con- 
stency, weighed lib. looz., or, approximately. 65 per 
nt. of the original package. The larger the can the 
ss is its proportionate weight. Canned corn, succo- 
sh, or vegetables other than tomatoes contain much less 
ater than tomatoes and may be calculated without hir- 
er deduction than the weight of the can. This same 
re in determining the waste of other useless parts does 
>t apply in the same degree to canned fruits, since 
lined fruits are not relied upon for nourishment. Meats 
ffer in their proportion of waste. Five pounds of su- 
frfluous fat, bone and rind have been removed from a 
ilb ham. At least 5 per cent, of bacon consists of rind, 
am ma}^ be relieved of much of the superfluous fat and 
I of the bone and repacked without injury. 
It is usually wise to acknowledge the fact that some 
aims will be made upon the party along the line of hos- 
tality or the actual relief of others. It would be hardly 
acticable to calculate so closely that such contingen- 
es would embarrass the outfit. It is well to remember 
at such claims will have to be met. Deterioration, loss 
id detention by accidents must aFso, at least, be con- 
iered. 
Pidsiag. 
It is often convenient to divide everything, save fresh 
eat, proportionately, so as to form packages of per- 
ps solbs. each. Each package may be placed in an 
r-tight can, with lids and seams tightly soldered. These 
ns should not be round, but flattened upon the two 
jposite sides, so that they can be readilj'^ packed and 
rried. Matches should be included in each can^ and 
— _ I ■ 
• The weight of the regular U. S. field ration is 3.211bs. The 
;ight of the regular travel ration is 2.431bs. The weight of the 
"jular emergency ration, authorized 1896, is 2.071bs, The bulk 
the authorized emergency ration is 125cu.in. 
* Tests of this kind are' not entirely relialjle, since change of 
it is always likely to be immediately beneficial. The fact that 
eh .<;tudent showed a tendency to exceed the full allowance of 
5, of sugar daily is thought to be of interest. 
one can only should be opened at a time. Where articles 
are thus divided among several packages, the contents 
of each one should be checked twice before it is finally 
enveloped. Paper should not be used for making up 
packages, because of its disposition to soften under mois- 
ture. Canvas bags should be employed. Where pro- 
A'isions are to be transported upon, the backs of men, the 
packs are made up by placing cans or canvas bags filled 
with provisions in the center of the' sleeping blanket, 
which is then folded around the load and fastened with 
the ordinary pa.ck strap. The load is then adjusted to 
the shoulders. Attention has been called to the wisdom 
of dividing the outfit among several boats, when passing 
rapids, or among several parties when upon the march. 
EArery article should be selected, if possible, by the leader 
personally; and each parcel should be packed in his pres- 
ence, or in the presence of some competent representa- 
tive. 
[to be concluded.] 
Proprietors of fishing and bunting resorts will find it profitable 
to advertise them in Foxest and Stream. 
A Deer and a Bicycle. 
DuNKAKTON, N. H., July 31. — A few days since a young 
man of this town was riding on a wheel on one of our 
roads, when he saw two deer a short distance ahead — a 
doe and a fawn. The doe crossed, but the fawn ran 
down the road. The man gave chase and ran into the 
fawn, rolling it over, and the rider was upset. The 
young deer was not hurt in any way and jumped up and 
.scudded into the bushes. 
Deer are being seen more frequently aboTit here this 
summer than ever before, and quite a number of fawns, 
showing that they arc breeding. 
The man who ran into the deer goes gunning quite a 
good deal, but very seldom shoots anything except a 
few rabbits. He now thinks a bicycle will suit him 
better to hunt with than a gun. He ran over a rabbit one 
day with his wheel, ran into a deer, and expects next to 
run over a fox. C. M. Stark. 
Govefnof Tanne/s Deer. 
State of Colorado, Department of Game and Fish, 
Denver, July 31. — Editor Purest and Stream: In reply 
to your favor of the 29th inst., I beg to say that the 
reported violation of the Colorado game law by Governor 
Tanner, of Illinois, was duly investigated by this Depart- 
ment, and the facts regarding the matter are as follows : 
The buck deer in question was Idllcd by the Governor in 
Glen Beulah Park — a duly licensed priA^ate park — with 
the consent of the owners of said private park, and hence 
in strict compliance with the game laws. Under the 
present law, the proprietor of any such licensed private 
park is required to make report of such killing to this 
office. In inclose herewith copy of report made by the 
proprietor of the park. 
T. H. Johnson, Commissioner. 
Massachusetts Shore Shooting* 
Boston, Aug. 5. — Shore bird shooting is improving 
along" the coast. Mr. Frank F. Dodge went doAvn to 
Chatham Saturday, and had very good sport, though the 
flights of birds are not yet very full. He got a chicken 
plover or two. several grass birds, a couple of brown- 
backs and some yellowlegs. Mrs. Dodge, who is a good 
shot with the rifle, was in the blind a part of the time, 
having the dandy little 20-gauge gun of Mrs. Sumner 
Paine in hand. But no birds dared venture near the 
lady. Mrs. Paine, who, witli her husband, has a cottage 
there, is an excellent shot. Mr. Dodge will doubtless be 
down again the last of this week. Mr. C. H. Tarbox, of 
Byfield, one of the selectmen of the town, was able to get 
out on Friday last. Senator Charles O. Bailey was 
with him. Special. 
Long Island Shore Gunning. 
East Rockaway^ L. I., Aug. 7, — Pot-hunters who 
wander over the meadoAvs and beaches after the little 
snipe and meadow hens are having what they call good 
sport, but no birds of considerable size or value have 
arrived yet. Surf snipe are A'ery scarce. 
QUAHAUG. 
Not to be Resisted. 
Some 3'ears ago, at a session of the Legislature of 
Kentucky, an effort to repeal the law offering a bounty on 
foxes' scalps was made, but was defeated by the appeal 
of a member from a mountainous and sparsely settled 
region. 
"Do the gentlemen want to depriA^e my constituents 
and me of the benefits of hearing the gospel preached?" 
he demanded, with indignation in his tones and OA^er- 
spreading his rugged countenance. "We are all Method- 
ists up my way, and our preachers won't come without we 
can give 'em chickens,- I know. We can't raise chickens 
unless the foxes are killed by somebody, that's sure, and 
there ain't anybody that can afiford to spend their time 
hunting foxes and get nothing to pay for it. 
"So, gentlemen, if you repeal this law you'll be de- 
priving my constituents of the benefit of hearing the 
gospel preached. That's the way it looks to me !" 
This reasoning was too much for the Legislature, and 
for the time being the law was not repealed, — Youth's 
Companion. 
Medical scientists, says Science Siftings, have noAV 
demonstrated that a brain cell actually loses part of its 
substance during action. The cell of the exhausted 
brain, instead of being plump and full of nerA'ous matter, 
is found to be hollowed out, or "vacuolated," a caAnty 
having formed without its substance, which has become 
filled with water. This means that a part of the cell sub- 
stance has been actually consumed, precisely as coal is 
consumed when one gets heat from a furnace. It has 
been found that if an animal A\diose brain cells are thus 
exhausted be permitted to sleep, its cells readily recu- 
perate, new material is supplied from the blood until the 
cell is as good as nesv. The brain of a person, therefore, 
Avho is beset by sleeplessness is in the condition of a 
locomotive which runs night and day without going to 
the repair shop. 
ANGLING NOTES. 
Bull Tfout. 
An article, unsigned, in the New York Sun describes 
the salmon rivers and salmon fishing in the Province of 
Quebec, and it is an interesting article, too, and the writer 
shows that he is a Briton in writing of bull trout. Re- 
ferring to rivers that once contained salmon, and that no 
longer contain them, he says : "Salmon were taken in nets 
at the mouth of the tributary streams of Lake Ontario, 
but never Avith the rod. The wonder excited by fish trav- 
eling such a distance from salt water and swimming up 
the rapids of the St. LaAvrence has aroused doubt 
whether the Ontario salmon were fresh-run fish from the 
sea or whether they were bull trout (Salmo eriox), but 
the difference in the markings of the two and the fact that 
the bull trout has one less vertebra than the salmon dis- 
pose of that theory. The only river entering the lake 
in which salmon were not found was the Niagara. Its 
strong current, steep, abrupt sides and lack of shallows 
or gravel beds suitable for spawning may account for this. 
On the other hand, it offers satisfactory food in abtm- 
dance; but no one ever saw one of the species in the 
stream." 
The bull trout mentioned in the extract we do not have 
on this continent, and why anyone should for a moment 
imagine that the bull trout of the Twee — where it is found 
chiefly, although it is known in streams in Devonshire. 
Ireland and Wales — ^was the salmon that formerly ran up 
into the rivers that flow into Lake Ontario is beyond my 
comprehension. We do have a bull trout in this country, 
but it is a Pacific Coast fish and it is a charr, with large 
red spot and fins colored after the coloring of the East- 
ern brook trout, and has the common name of Dolly 
Varden {Salvelimis nialma). 
The bull trout of Great Britain (Salmo eriox) has' never 
before, even by intimation, been charged with inhabiting 
the waters of North America, and it is not as common 
in its native waters as the salmon or sea trout. It is also 
called sewin or roundtail, and as to differing in number 
of vertebra; from the salmon, the salmon has sixty and 
the btUl trout sometimes has fifty-nine and sometimes 
sixty, the same as the salmon. The fact is, the British 
authorities do not seem to be very clear in separating the 
bull trout from the sea or salmon trout. Day, perhaps 
the latest authority, does not set it down as a distinct sper 
cies, separate from the common sea trout. 
What surprises me quite as much as that anyone should 
imagine the salmon of Lake Ontario streams to be the British 
bull trout of doubtful species, is that the writer I have 
quoted should intimate that to attract salmon to a stream 
the stream should "ofifer satisfactory food in abundance," 
for while it is contended by a few that salmon feed in fresh 
water, the investigations of the British fishery and scien- 
tific experts seem to have settled the question by declaring 
that salmon do not feed in fresh Avater. and' in conse- 
quence begin to deteriorate from the moment they enter 
the rivers_ they select for spawning purposes. However, 
this clipping I have made extracts from recalled to my 
mind that I had a letter on the subject of salmon in oiie 
of the Lake Ontario rivers, and I made a search for it. 
Lake Ontario Salmon. 
Col. Henry H. Lyman, one of the Fisheries, Game 
and Forest Commissioners, when the Commission was 
created, and now Excise Commissioner of this State, sent 
one of the reports of the Cominission to Hon. Norman C. 
H armon, of Waldo, Wis., who was born and lived for 
the first twenty-tAvo years of his life on Salmon River, 
N. Y. Mr. Harmon recalled some of his early days on 
Salmon River and sent a letter on the subject of salmon 
to Col. Lyman, who forwarded the letter to me and said: 
"You doubtless have knowledge of the fact that Sal- 
mon River, in this State, was a famous, if not the famous, 
-salmon stream of Lake Ontario; that the farmers along 
its borders, very many of them, paid for their farms and 
some even amassed considerable wealth from the profits 
of the salmon fishery; and it occurred to me that Mr. 
Harmon might tell us something about the early salmon 
fishing on that stream, and if you have not closed the 
matter of your report Mr. Harmon's letter will make in- 
teresting reading for the people and be of interest to the 
Commission, especially in view of the proposition to re- 
stock the riA'er Avith salmon." 
When the letters came to mc they were too late to be 
used in the State report, and 1 filed them awajr, to make 
use of Mr. Harmon's letter on a future occasion, and now 
I find that they are dated two years ago; but the moment 
I read of salmon in Lake Ontario rivers I thought it Avas 
the time to print Mr. Harmon's letter now. I regret that 
he does not fix the time that salmon ran so plentiful, but 
ic must have been early in this century, for then laws were 
passed for the protection of salmon and the building of 
fishways in Salmon River. 
Salmon River, New York. 
"I am much gratified to learn that the Fisheries, Game 
and Forest Commissioners of the State of New York are 
considering the feasibility of restocking with salmon that 
old home and spawning ground of this wonderful fish, 
viz., that noble stream which of all others is entitled to 
the name, Salmon River, I feel a keen interest in this 
question, because many years ago I was born and raised 
upon the banks of this stream and participated in the 
sport of capturing this game fish and know something 
of its habits and of its outgoing and incoming, and of the 
causes that contributed to its final destruction, and at the 
risk of encroaching upon your time and patience I have 
determinect to Avrite you upon this subject, hoping it may 
assist the Commission in arriving at a favorable conclu- 
sion in this matter. 
"The salmon, although called sea salmon, does not prop- 
agate its kind in the salt waters of the ocean, but chooses 
the fresh water rivers of the continent. When the pro- 
phetic voice of nature intimates to him the command to 
