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GLENCAIRN I.- — SAIL PLAN. 
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the boat was intended to be heeled artificially by her 
crew to leeward in light winds; being nearly vertical 
only when under spinaker. As shown, the curve of 
areas was plotted, for both inclined and upright posi- 
tions; the altered form of the displacement showing the 
gain in length and the easing and fining of the form 
through heeling. 
When tried against the home fleet on June 17, 1896, 
Glencairn won very easily in a light air, as she did m 
several subsequent races, and in the many informal trials 
made day after day she proved the best of the class. 
She was not quite as fast as Sothis in light airs, and 
some of the class could beat her in a hard blow, but her 
whole racing record proves her to be a good all-round 
boat, and a most successful compromise between the 
two extremes. While she was primarily designed for light 
to moderate weather, as found in July and August both 
at Oyster Bay and on Lake St. Louis, with - an extremely 
short waterline and large sail plan she was given gen- 
erous topsides and good ends for hard weather. The 
leading feature of the scow type, the gain of effective 
length by excessive heeling, was earned to a greater 
extent in her than in the true scows; but unlike the 
scows, she had good freeboard and the general form of a 
yacht instead of a box. 
After demonstrating her superiority to the others of 
the home fleet, Glencairn was shipped to New York 
early in July, Mr. Duggan and Mr. F. P. Shearwood 
accompanying her, and after refitting and a week of 
trial sailing outside Oyster Bay, she was ready for the 
cup races. The defending yacht, El Heine, illustrated 
in the Forest and Stream of Aug. 22 and Sept. 26, 
1896, designed by Mr. C. H. Crane, the winner of a 
trial fleet of twenty-seven yachts, was even more closely 
allied to the scow type than Glencairn, with the narrow 
beam and very low freeboard of the type as then de- 
veloped on Long Island Sound. She was, however, 
much longer on the waterline and carried a smaller rig 
than Glencairn. In the trial races she had demonstrated 
her superiority to the rest of the big fleet, though the 
fin-keel Riverside pushed her close in extremely light 
weather. El Heirie was very fast in the strongest winds 
Qf the week, and defeated the best heavy weather boat of 
the fleet, Paprika. j ■ r t,. . a 
The first race, on July 13, was sailed m light to moder- 
ate winds, with smooth water, with a squall in the 
latter part, which compelled Glencairn to take in and 
afterward shake out two reefs, a maneuver^ quickly exe- 
cuted. The course was three miles to leeward and re- 
turn, and at the end of the first round Glencairn led by 
6m. 55s. At the second turn of the lee mark she led by 
Qm. 6s., and as the wind fell after the squall, leaving El 
Heirie becalmed, Glencairn finally won by 47m. iis. On 
the next day, over the triangular course, and in light to 
moderate winds, Glencairn again won by 6m. 22s. On 
the third day both started under single reefs in a fresh 
west wind to leeward, shaking out the reefs on the 
first windward leg as tlie breeze fell. Glencairn had a 
lead of over 6m. at the end of the first round, but lost 
2m. on the second run. However, she finally won by 
Sm. 50s., taking the cup. 
In the following year the 15ft. class was superseded 
by the 2oft., in which Glencairn II., Dominion and Glen- 
cairn III. have defeated successively Momo, Challenger 
and Constance, retaining the cup at Montreal._ The 
three later Duggan boats have been merely variations of 
Glencairn I., designed in the same manner. Glencairn 
II. was the fastest of a fleet of 20-footers designed by 
Mr. Duggan in 1897, practically enlargements of Glen- 
cairn I. with the form perfected; in particular, the bilge 
was hardened and emphasized as it was carried into the 
overhangs, so as to further lengthen the inclined water- 
line. Many minor variations of form and dimensions were 
tried in Rogue, Islander, Avoca, Glenowen and Glen- 
cairn II., the latter being about the average and the fastest 
all-round boat. 
In Dominion, the defender of last year, the new prin- 
ciple of design was carried to a further extreme, the 
middle portion of the bottom being entirely cut away, so as 
to greatly improve the form of the immersed bilge, which 
was of sufficient displacement to float the vessel without 
aid from the other half. 
In Glencairn IIL a return has been made to the less ex- 
treme form with a flat floor, as certain objections were 
made to Dominion. In her the inclined waterlines are 
more symmetrical, and the form of the immersed bilge 
more perfect than in any of the previous boats, except 
Dominion, but the bilge has been softened, to gain speed in 
very light weather, and she lacks the all-round qualities of 
her older sisters. At the same time she is to the eye less 
like a yacht and more like the up-to-date scow or raft than 
3 £ 1 
BODY PLAN. SCALE I INCjS TO THE FOOT, 
O 3 C 
