Forest and Stream 
A Weekly Journal of the Rod and Gun. 
COPTRIGHT, 1899, BY FoREST AND STREAM PUBLISHING Co. 
Terms, $4 a Year. 10 Cts. a Copy. 
Six Months, $2. 
NEW YORK, SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 2B, 1899. 
/ VOL. LIII— No. 22. 
(.No. 346 Broadway, New York 
TIMOTHY SAMUEL LOVEL. 
That is the rotund mouth-filling name of Sam's Boy, 
and as it was dear to Sam and Huld}^ we must all ap- 
prove it. The story of the Vermont boyhood lived by 
this bo3' in the days of Danvis has been written by Mr. 
Robinson, and the beginning will be printed in our issue 
of Dec. 2. 
MT. SHASTA AND ITS LIFE. 
Best known and one of the most beautiful of the vol- 
canic snow cones of the Pacific slope, Shasta has been 
many times described. It is a lofty mountain with an 
altitude of 14,450 feet, and stands by itself completely cut 
off from the neighboring mountains by river valleys which 
flow to the north and to the south of it. It is the best 
known landmark in California, and when viewed from 
north, south and east appears as a great snow-clad cone, 
while from the west and southwest its .outline is longer 
and it seems more like a ridge. 
In Dr. Merriam's volume on Shasta, which is published 
as No. x6 of North American Fauna, and is entitled 
"Results of a Biological Survey of Mt. Shasta, Cali- 
fornia," we see this mountain in a new aspect. Usually 
it is written of from a distance, its majesty awes the 
beholder, and from reading of it we receive a general 
notion that it. is vast and imposing, but we get little im- 
pression of the detail of the mountain. It is this that Dr. 
Merriam's report gives us. He has traveled back and 
forth over its slopes from crown to base. He has studied 
its forests, its flowering plants, its grasses and the Alpine 
species that flourish among the rocks far above timber 
land. He has climbed its rock slopes, exploited its 
cailons and glacial basins, and followed up its streams to 
their sources in the melting snow banks, or to where the 
hurrying milky torrent pours forth from beneath the 
glacier's mass. He has investigated its birds, and its 
mammals, and can tell us where they live and whence they 
came. As a result of his investigations five new forms 
of plant life and eight of mammalian life have been de- 
scribed as new, while there are others that remain un- 
named. 
The mass of Shasta is of volcanic rock, largely pumice, 
but often with clififs of a solid lava. Its glaciers lie chiefly 
on the north and east sides, and there are a few on the 
south side, but not one on the west. From these glaciers 
the streams which descend the mountain have cut deep 
canons which are usually straight and average about 1,000 
feet in depth. Down near the water, where it is moist, 
there is considerable vegetation, but the upper portions 
are barren and almost devoid of plant life. Among the 
rock slopes which are above timber line and yet not 
covered by snow • are found many small mammals feeding 
on the Alpine plants. One of the most noteworthy of 
these is the little chief hare, sometimes known as the 
rock rabbit or rock cony. In old times the big horn 
made its home on these heights, but it has long been 
extinct, and but rarely does the traveler come upon a 
whitening bone which tells of its old-time presence. 
Rising from a region of forests, Shasta itself is con- 
tinudush'' forest-covered up to an altitude of 7,500 or 8,000 
feet. This forest is divided into three belts, determined by 
altitude and named from their most characteristic trees. 
The lowest is the yellow pine belt; then comes the Shasta 
fir belt, and last and highest the white bark pine belt. 
It is interesting to note that these belts coincide with 
three life zones of the mountain — the Transition, Cana- 
dian and Hudsonian. 
As might be expected in so arid a region as this, these 
forests have been frequently devastated by fire. The 
greatest ravages have been in the yellow pine belt, and 
follow the course of the lumbering with great regularity. 
As yet tlie fires have not greatly damaged the middle or 
Shasta fir timber belt. 
It can readily be understood that the life zones of 
Shasta form the chief subject ®f Dr. Merriam's study. 
These are wel^ shown on a diagram giving an outline of 
the mountarn. Down in the Shasta Valley, simmering 
ir^ the draught and heat, lies a patch of upper Sonoran 
life. This is ?ft5Howed by a wide expanse of Transition 
zone, above which follow the Canadian, Hudsonian, Alpine 
and Arctic. The study of these )ife zones here' is in 
some degree complicated by the excessive aridity of the 
mountain. Water is so scarce that many species whic]i 
ivould be looked for in certain zoiies'afe lacking.' 
The extent of each of these zones is, of course, de- 
termined by the mammals, birds and plants found there. 
Lists of these are given for each zone,'and the fauna and 
flora of Shasta are contrasted with corresponding faunas 
and floras of the Sierras and the Cascades, both as to 
the presence and the absence of certain species in those 
ranges. Standing alone as Shasta does, the question 
naturally arises whence come the northern species that 
are found on it? Which of the neighboring ranges has 
contributed most to the life of this mountain? The 
points discussed are of very high interest. Very useful, as 
bearing on the subject, are the fully annotated lists of 
mammals, birds and plants which close the volume of 
180 pages. 
The volume is very fully illustrated, chiefly from photo- 
graphs of the mountain, its scenery, its trees, birds and 
mammals, and also by some of Mr. Fuertes' beautiful 
bird drawings and a few cuts that have already appeared 
in another connection. The work is of high interest to 
all students of nature, and indeed to all intelligent per- 
sons who have any fondness for outdoor matters. 
WILL' THE LICENSE DO IT? 
On a Long Island market garden farm the other day a 
man was sitting down in a field sorting turnips, when there 
came to him simultaneously the report of a shotgun and 
a charge of bird shot, which struck him full in front, 
wounding him in face and body. He rose to his feet with 
a frantic yell, onh' to see two scared '"sportsmen" running 
away at top speed. 
Last Saturday on another Long Island farm a man was 
working in a barnyard, when he was startled by the 
discharge of a gun close behind him and saw a barn dove 
fall wounded from the roof of the barn, shot by a "sports- 
man." On the same farm the next day, being Sunday, 
close attention was required through the day to herd the 
cattle out of range of trespassing "sportsmen." 
The incidents are typical of scores and hundreds which 
are happening every day. The suburbs of our cities and 
towns are scoured by an increasing horde of ruffians and 
rowdies, armed with shotguns and fortified by liquor, 
who, in their reckless and impudent invasions of grounds 
and their random shooting at the cows, chickens, pigeons 
and small birds of field and orchard, are a constant menace 
to property and human life. 
The existence of this class is an evil of serious moment 
to decent sport, since, as we have already pointed out, the 
rufiian shooters, by reason of their number and prom- 
inence, create in the public mind a prejudice against the 
real sportsman and his legitimate pursuit of game in 
legitimate ways. It is for the interest of respectable sport, 
then, that the lawless element should be suppressed. In- 
deed the time has fully come when sportsmen's clubs and 
game protective associations may profitably put themselves 
on record, defining their attitude toward this obnoxious 
class, and taking steps to secure abatement of the nuisance. 
Where sliall we find the retnedy? From Rhode Island 
comes a suggestion that the solution of the problem may 
He in a gun license system; and there are several con- 
siderations which appear to give reasonable color to the 
proposition. Assuming that before being permitted to go 
abroad on lands other than his own or than such as may 
be leased by him, a gimner were compelled to equip him- 
self with a license bearing his name and address and 
subject to revocation upon violation of the conditions 
governing its possession and use , may we not assume that 
the holder of such a license would be subjected to a more 
strict personal accountability? If the holder of such a 
license were required to carry it with him while shooting 
and to exhibit to any person on demand, the very fact that 
his identity was thus subject to disclosure would certainly 
have the effect of restraining him in a degree from a 
course of conduct which as an unknown and unidentified 
stranger with a gun he might be quite ready to pursue. It 
it beyond question that the sense of unaccountability has 
a large share in influencing these fellows to make them 
bold to commit their depredations. They are away fronr 
home; the people they encounter do not know- wh(fr- they 
are. nor where they cbme frsttt ; and no.6ne can calt then? 
to account : so they are und6r no restraint, and the coarse 
nature comes to the surface. If this were changed by the 
license system and William Shakespeare, of Stratford- 
upon-Avon, knew that he would have to show his license 
on demand and tell who he was and where he came from. 
ducted himself. And on the other hand the very fact that 
an intruder upon the land was obliged by the statute to 
show his license, and thus to disclose his identity, would 
be apt to give the farmer or the land owner more confi- 
dence in his dealing with the trespasser. The system 
might readily be so devised as to insure an observance of 
the conditions of the license, and these conditions could 
be made so comprehensive and specific that the result 
would be to hold the shooter accountable for his con- 
duct from the time he left his home until his return to it. 
We would be glad to have the opinions on this subject of 
those who have given the matter some thought. Is the 
remedy to be found in a gun license, and has the time 
come for resort to this expedient? If the license wall not 
afford us the desired corrective, what \Vill? In what way 
shall we suppress the cow shooter? 
GAME IN TRUNKS. 
Commissi o^^ER Jas. H. Worden, of the Pennsylvania 
Board of Game Commissioners, sends us a report of a 
game seizure made the other day by Chief Game Warden 
Kalbfus. The individuals concerned were from Mount 
Vernon, a village adjoining Greater New York. Their 
names are not given; but we assume that they are of the 
average run of residents of that town, men who when at 
home do not dodge the police nor purloin bric-a-brac on 
their social calls nor steal the milk from their neighbors' 
stoops. Yet when they go into a neighboring State for 
shooting they do not hesitate to cheat the authorities and 
try to make off with stolen goods. And they got caught. 
The law forbidding a sportsman to take home his game 
is a harsh one ; so much cannot be denied. It deprives one 
of a privilege which is highly valued. One likes to have 
some tangible testimony to his skill, some evidence of his 
success; he wants to show his birds to his family and 
friends, and to share with them. Nevertheless if the 
privilege is denied, only one course is open to a conscien- 
tious and right-minded person; that is to accept the re- 
striction philosophically and adhere to the letter of the 
law. The man who smuggles game in his trunk must 
leave something of his self-respect behind him. 
These Mount Vernon shooters knew before they went to 
Pennsylvania, or might have known and should have 
known, that they would not be permitted to bring home 
any game. They therefore, when they went to Pennsylvania 
for shooting, undertook, in honor, to attempt to take no 
game out of the State,, and they were bound by honor to 
refrain from any smuggling tricks. To keep faith with 
the people of the State whose guest one happens to be 
is much more Vi^orth while than to sneak out a few par- 
tridges to take home. 
Here is a story with a moral. Mr. Maximilian H. 
Foster, of this city has long cherished an ambition to 
possess a moose head won by himself in fair quest in 
Canadian woods. In pursuit of the trophy he had made 
pilgrimage after pilgrimage, but only to return from each 
arduous expedition disappointed, until the years counted 
eleven. In all these years he had seen many moose, 
but the moose, the fellow with the head worth while, had 
eluded him. Now he has just returned from the twelfth 
annual moose hunt, and the fortune of 1899 has brought 
compensation in full for the disappointments that have 
gone before. This year Mr. Foster comes home from the 
Tobique with a moose head measuring sixty-five inches 
from tip to tip, the record head for that country. As we 
have before now alluded to Mr. Foster's phenomenal ill- 
luck, it is a great pleasure to r*cord the success which has 
at last rewarded his pluck and perseverance. 
he would wallf \ straight patl| and be careful how he pon- to' the front. 
Representative of the class of Western men of whom 
we wrote the other day as a "type that has passed" was 
the Colorado pioneer Philander Simmons, whqy died in 
Denver last week after a life full of wanderings and 
vicissitudes. America still possesses such picturesque 
types, but the changed conditions of modern life present 
few opportunities for us to discover them. There died 
recently in New York city a man who, originally a "Bow- 
ery boy," had run away to the Mexican war, had been a 
filibuster with Walker, had commanded a regiment in the 
Civil War, had been prominent in city politics, and in 
1897, ^at the age of nearly seventy years, went to the 
Klondike as a gold seeker. ' The sparse population of the 
old far West made the salient characteristics of each man 
at once evident, while among the dense population of the 
present day it is only the strongest characters who comft 
