Zanzibar. 
41 
labourers themselves are not profited thereby ; for 
they are slaves, and have to deliver their earnings to 
their owners. 
The commerce of Zanzibar is of considerable 
importance. Almost all the produce of Eastern 
Africa flows through it. Its most valuable exports 
are cloves, sesamum, ivory, ebony, orchella-weed, 
cowries, and gum-copal. Among its imports are 
Americani (unbleached calico), sheeting, blue indigo 
stuffs, coloured pocket-handkerchiefs, prints, coral 
beads of every colour, brass and iron wire, crock- 
ery, etc. The imports for 1867-8 amounted to 
A33>693. 
The commerce might be greatly extended under a 
powerful and energetic government, but in the hands 
of the Arabs, and while slavery exists, very great 
things are not to be expected. Under the present 
state of things Africa is being rapidly depopulated ; 
her peoples are dying out ; and, such being the case, 
how are her resources to be developed } 
The climate of Zanzibar has been represented as 
being decidedly bad. It is, however, by no means so 
deadly as that of the mainland. Its mean tempera- 
ture has been estimated at about 80° Fahr., the range ' 
being from 77° to 85°. The heat is not excessive, yet 
the atmosphere is sometimes most oppressive. The 
seasons are more irregular than on the mainland, 
though the general conditions are much the same. 
The two monsoons, north-east and south-west, pre- 
vail, dividing the year into two unequal parts, the 
first extending from November to March, and the 
second from April to October. The north-east 
monsoon is called Kaskazi ; the south-west, Kausi. 
