Geography and Ethnology again. 453 
expression attached itself to the country, and became 
its name. 
Chaga proper is not of great extent, as it does not 
cover more than one hundred and fifty square miles. 
It is divided into numerous states, each having its 
own chief. It would be tedious to give the names of 
all, and we therefore forbean As has been seen, 
Mandara, of Moche, is the most important chief in 
the east, and Deserua, of Machame, the most power- 
ful in the west. The chief streams of Chaga are the 
Lumi, the Gona, the Rau, and the Weriweri, besides 
which there are a great many smaller ones, which 
it is not necessary to mention. All these streams 
flow towards Ugono, the first entering the Lake Jipe, 
and the rest running into the Ruvu, which issues 
from the lake, and, flowing towards the coast, becomes 
the river Pangani. Of the general character of the 
country and of its scenery enough has already been 
said. It is extremely picturesque and beautiful ; its 
productiveness is extraordinary; and its climate is not 
only pleasant, but it is perfectly salubrious. Every 
kind of climate existing between the equator and the 
poles is to be found in zone after zone upon the 
slopes of Kilima Njaro. It is the Canaan of Eastern 
Africa, for it may be said to flow with milk and 
honey. 
The people belong to the great agricultural family, 
in language, in physical conformation, and in the 
pursuits of life ; but their isolation from other tribes, 
and their own peculiar surroundings, have given them 
many distinguishing characteristics. They are vastly 
superior to most of the agricultural races with whom 
we have come in contact, yet, on the other hand, they 
