494 Wanderings in Eastern Africa, 
creates a necessity for the importation of a large 
slave-element from some quarter or other, and to this 
requirement the state of things in Africa is highly- 
favourable. Taking advantage, therefore, of the bar- 
barism and unsettled condition of Africa, the Arabs 
have drawn upon her for slaves, and have done their 
utmost to perpetuate and increase that disquietude 
which they find to be so advantageous to them. 
These are not speculations, but plain matters of fact. 
The two great engines which keep the traffic in 
motion are war and famine. In times of peace and 
prosperity slaves are not easily obtained, so bows 
and arrows, spears and shields, powder and shot, are 
brought into use ; the desirable state of destitution 
and want is brought about ; captives are made ; and 
a brisk trade immediately springs up. This was the 
case with the Gallas in 1868, and the same kind of 
thing has been seen going on in Taita, Chaga, etc. 
For further confirmation of this we may refer to the 
information supplied by Dr. Livingstone regarding 
the regions about the Zambezi. There is no species 
of fraud and rascality that is not resorted to for the 
sake of procuring human chattels for the market. 
Kidnapping is extensively carried on, so much so that 
it is considered unsafe in Unika for the women and 
children to go any distance from home unprotected 
at the season when the grass is tall and abundant. 
It is common for the Wasuahili to lay baits, in order to 
tempt theWanika to steal; when, if the bait be taken, 
the dupe is seized and sold. Or a man may be caught 
picking up a piece of cassada from the plantation of a 
Msuahili — a very venial offence; but this is made the 
pretext for selling him. Again, others are wheedled 
