Improvement  of  Land  by  Warpiny.  Ill 
absorbing  anti  retaining  moisture,  &c.  Sandy  and  peaty  soils,  as 
1 have  already  observed  in  a previous  part  of  this  paper,  have 
been  found  by  practical  men  to  be  the  best  natural  soils  to  warp 
upon.  The  reason  of  this  will  be  rendered  immediately  evident 
upon  consulting  my  analyses  of  these  particular  soils  before  and 
after  the  operation.  The  first  specimen  or  sandy  sterile  soil,  it 
will  be  seen,  was  not  only  remarkably  deficient  in  all  those  sub- 
stances from  which  plants  derive  their  nourishment,  but  it  must 
also,  from  its  sandy  nature,  have  been  constantly  liable  to  be 
burnt  up  with  drought.  By  the  admixture  of  the  warp,  however, 
as  is  shown  in  specimen  No.  II.,  these  disadvantages  were  coun- 
teracted, and  it  was  converted  into  a rich  arable  soil,  capable  of 
furnishing  nutriment  to  every  description  of  crop.*  It  was  also, 
at  the  same  time,  rendered  more  hygrometric,  as  will  be  seen 
upon  consulting  the  following  table,  which  shows  the  proportion 
of  water  retained  by  100  parts  of  the  soils,  after  they  had  been 
exposed  to  different  degrees  of  temperature,  See. 
Dried  at  the  Exposed  to  air  Dried  in  a 
ordinary  state  of  saturated  with  sand-bath  at 
the  atmosphere.  moisture  at  56°  F.  100°  F. 
Sandy  soil  before  warping  . . 1-06  1-20  0 • 70 
,,  after  ,,  . . 2-00  2-90  1-30 
A similar  quantity  of  the  different  specimens  of  warp,  dried 
at  the  same  temperature,  &c.,  contained  respectively — - 
Warp  from  the  river  Humber  (II.)  . 6 ’25  8 "80  not  determined 
Warp  of  about  an  average  quality  (III.)  4 *00  4 • 80  2*16 
* For  the  sake  of  comparison  I have  below  given  the  analysis  of  a very  fertile  allu- 
vial soil  from  Honigspolder,  in  Germany,  made  by  an  eminent  chemist  of  that  country, 
contrasting  it  with  that  of  the  warped  sandy  soil,  as  shown  at  page  104. 
Sand  and  silica  .... 
64-800 
86-3386 
Stones,  small  .... 
. # 
1*4000 
Humus,  soluble  in  alkali 
2-540 
1*8800 
, , insoluble  in  alkali  . . 
5-600 
4*7860 
Organic  matters  soluble  in  water  . 
, . 
0-0127 
Apocrenic  acid  .... 
. . 
0-2394 
Crenic  acid  .... 
. , 
0-6969 
Nitrogenous  matters  . . . 
1*582 
N.  0*4551 
Chloride  of  calcium  . . 
. . 
0-0004 
, , sodium  , 
0-335 
0*0781 
, , potassium  . 
. . 
0*0429 
Sulphate  of  magnesia  . . . 
.. 
traces. 
, , soda  . . 
, . 
0*0433 
Carbonate  of  lime  . 
8-909 
0*4582 
, , magnesia  . . 
Sulphate  of  lime  . . . 
0*2949 
0-357 
evident  traces. 
Lime,  in  combination  with  silica 
0-744 
0-1411 
Magnesia  .... 
0*840 
0*2586 
Alkalis  ..... 
0-425 
0-1747 
Alumina  .... 
5-700 
0-4079 
Oxide  of  iron  .... 
6-100 
1-1740 
Oxide  of  manganese  . . . 
0-090 
traces. 
Perphosphate  of  iron  . . 
Phosphate  of  lime  . . . 
0*430 
0*2800 
Water  and  loss  . . 
1*504 
2-0000 
