Farming  of  Gloucestershire. 
127 
On  the  clay-marl  and  clays  those  plants  prevail  which  require, 
or  can  least  withstand,  the  action  of  stagnant  water.  Amongst 
the  most  prevalent  are 
Genista  tinctoria. 
Chrysanthemum  leucan- 
themum. 
Carduus  palustris. 
Linaria  elatine  and  spu- 
ria. 
♦Gymnadenia  conopsea. 
♦Orchis  latifolia. 
Allium  ursinum. 
vineale. 
♦Juncus  effusus. 
♦Carex  glauca  and  vul- 
garis. 
Agrostis  stolonifera. 
Alopecurus  agrestis. 
♦Aira  caespitosa. 
♦Equisetum  telmatia  and 
arvense. 
Those  marked  witli  an  asterisk  (*)  indicate  want  of  drainage  in  pastures. 
If  now  we  pass  on  to  the  sandstone  districts,  west  of  the  Cots- 
wolds,  we  shall  find  the  natural  herbage  extremely  altered  in 
appearance  by  the  suppression  of  the  calcareous  plants  and  the 
appearance  of  numerous  sand-plants ; the  foxglove  now  mingles 
with  the  bell-flower,  the  heath  blends  with  the  heather,  and  the 
dwarf-furze  with  the  gorse,  common  to  both  districts.  Of  the  fol- 
lowing list,  those  marked  with  an  asterisk  (*)  appear  especially  to 
characterize  sandy  districts,  and  are  equally  absent  from  the 
Cotswold  hills : — 
*Aira  praecox. 
*  tiexuosa. 
*  caryophyllea. 
♦Erica  cinerea. 
♦Digitalis  purpurea. 
♦Sculerauthus  amiuus. 
♦Spergula  arvensis. 
♦Arinaria  rubra. 
♦Aribis  thaliana. 
♦Ornithopus  perpusillus. 
♦Onobus  tuberosus. 
♦Ulex  nanus. 
♦Teacrium  scorodonia. 
♦Hieracium  boreale. 
Chrysanthemum  segetum 
Vaccinium  myrtillis. 
♦Lastraea  dilatata. 
Even  the  parasitic  miseltoe  and  dodder  (Cuscutata  epithymum) 
disappear  with  the  orchards  and  heaths  from  the  hills.  A few 
weeds,  which  are  so  agriculturally,  and  which  abound  in  arable 
land,  also  deserve  mention : — 
Sinapis  arvensis. 
Torilis  infesta,  stony 
fields. 
Glyceria  rigida,  ditto. 
Poa  compressa,  ditto. 
Bromus  secalinus,  ditto. 
Bartsia  odontites,  marls. 
Allium  vineale,  ditto. 
Avena  fatua,  clays. 
Papaver  rheeas,  sands. 
Chenopodium  album, 
ditto. 
In  the  borders  of  pastures  Allium  ursinum  and  Melilotus  offici- 
nalis sometimes  grow,  and  injure  the  quality  of  milk. 
The  following  plants  are,  perhaps,  more  characteristic  of  the 
climate  of  the  Cotswold  valleys  than  the  soil.  Their  names  are 
given  because  they  are  amongst  the  most  interesting  or  con- 
spicuous members  of  the  Flora: — 
Epilobium  angustifolium.  Helleborus  vivid  is.  Tamus  communis. 
Convallaria  bifolia.  Geranium  pratense.  Gagea  lutea. 
Vicia  sylvatica.  Dipsacus  pilosus.  Saratula  tinctoria. 
Alchemilla  vulgaris.  Bryonia  dioica. 
Entomology  of  the  County. — The  entomology  of  the  county  has 
been  too  little  investigated  to  exhibit  any  marked  peculiarities. 
Those  tribes  of  insects  which  attack  timber,  like  the  stag-beetle 
and  capricorn-beetle,  are  chiefly  found  on  the  western  side  of  the 
county  ; whilst  the  wide  extent  of  open  tillage  land  on  the  east 
