On  the  Construction  of  Farm- Buildings. 
217 
Tlic  drainage  water  of  higher  ground,  being  collected  at  a proper 
elevation  in  an  underground  reservoir,  will  rise  by  its  own  pres- 
sure to  a height  sufficient  for  filling  boilers,  or  for  any  other 
purpose  so  essential  a necessary  may  be  required  in  any  part  of 
the  farmery,  and  a supply  be  thus  obtained  at  all  times  without 
being  raised  by  pumping  or  any  other  means  by  which  expense 
may  be  incurred. 
Of  Extent  of  Accommodation. — The  advice  contained  in  the 
quotation,  adopted  as  the  motto  by  which  to  identify,  in  case  of 
need,  the  author  of  this  Essay,  is  precisely  the  maxim  to  be  ob- 
served in  regulating  the  extent  of  farm- buildings.  In  order  to 
attain  that  nice  adjustment  of  a means  to  an  end,  that  a farmery 
may  be  in  every  way  sufficient  in  accommodation  without  being 
so  extensive  as  to  be  unnecessarily  costly  in  erection,  or  expensive 
to  uphold,  the  size,  the  purposes  to  which  a farm  is  applied,  and 
the  quality  of  the  soil,  are  all  matters  for  careful  consideration; 
for  without  attention  to  these  circumstances  we  would  be  unable 
to  ‘ build  so,  that  the  farmery  may  not  require  a farm,  nor  the 
farm  need  a farmery.' 
Arable  farms  whereon  the  winter  feeding  of  cattle  is  practised 
require  the  greatest  extent  of  accommodation.  In  such  the  ne- 
cessary extent  of  barn  and  granary  will  be  much  alike;  whilst 
the  stables  and  implement-sheds  required  will  be  in  proportion 
to  the  size  of  the  farm ; but  the  extent  of  cattle-lairs  necessary 
will  not  only  be  regulated  by  the  quantity  of  land,  but  will  vary 
also  according  to  the  power  of  the  soil  to  produce  vegetables  for 
the  winter  feeding  of  the  beasts. 
In  estimating  the  extent  of  buildings  a farm  of  any  given  size 
will  require,  the  following  process  in  the  consideration  of  the 
subject  will  aid  in  attaining  the  object  in  view,  viz.,  fifteen  acres 
may  be  considered  a fair  quantity  of  land  to  be  prepared  and 
sown  with  turnips,  according  to  the  best  mode  of  culture  on  soil 
adapted  to  the  growth  of  that  vegetable,  in  a season  by  a pair  of 
good  horses,  and  that  quantity  to  be  the  full  extent  of  bare  fal- 
low that  can  be  properly  worked  in  season  by  the  same  force. 
Supposing  the  five-shift  course  of  husbandry  as  practised  in  the 
northern  part  of  Northumberland  and  border  district  of  Scotland 
— a locality  where  the  most  approved  method  of  turnip  culture 
took  its  rise,  and  is  at  the  present  time  practised  in  the  greatest 
perfection,  and  where  the  winter  fattening  of  stock  is  perhaps 
unsurpassed — to  be  assumed  in  an  example  to  illustrate  the  sub- 
ject : a farm  under  such  a course  will  be  each  year  under  the 
five  following  crops  in  about  equal  portions,  viz.,  turnips,  wheat 
or  barley  after  turnips,  first  year’s  seedling  grass  after  wheat  or 
barley,  second  year’s  grass,  and  oats  after  the  second  year’s 
grass : 300  acres  of  land  under  such  rotation  will  require  eight 
