221 
On  the  Construction  of  Farm-Buildings. 
PLATE  II. 
represents  elevations  of  the  buildings  of  which  Plate  I.  is  the 
ground-plan,  and  which  will  be  fully  explained  hereinafter,  when 
the  construction  of  the  buildings  comes  to  be  treated  of. 
In  the  plan  above  referred  to,  tillage  husbandry  with  the  winter 
feeding  of  stock  has  almost  alone  been  provided  for ; but  it  fre- 
quently occurs  that  the  extensive  tillage  farmer  has  a taste  for 
breeding  cattle,  or  occupies  a considerable  portion  of  grass  land 
suitable  for  the  dairy  husbandry  in  addition  to  his  arable  ground  : 
in  either  case  accommodation  for  8 cows,  suggested  in  the  pre- 
vious plan,  will  be  insufficient.  In  order  to  render  a treatise  on 
the  subject  of  the  present  essay  of  comprehensive  use,  it  will  be 
necessary  to  treat  of  the  buildings  required,  not  only  for  the  pur- 
poses of  tillage  husbandry,  but  also  of  those  that  may  be  needed 
for  the  breeding  of  cattle,  or  for  the  dairy  as  a principal  pursuit, 
and  for  both  or  either  purpose  to  a more  limited  extent  in  con- 
nexion with  the  avocation  of  the  agricultuist  as  the  producer 
of  the  vegetable  and  animal  food  of  mankind.  The  general  plan 
about  to  be  submitted  will  be  suitable  on  a more  extended  scale, 
with  a necessary  portion  of  the  buildings  already  enumerated,  as 
the  homestead  of  the  cattle-breeder,  or  of  the  dairy-farmer ; 
whilst  on  a more  limited  scale,  with  a larger  portion  of  stabling 
for  horses,  and  lairs  for  fattening  cattle,  it  will  form  an  important 
part  of  the  accommodation  necessary  for  the  mixed  pursuit  of 
tillage  with  breeding  or  dairy  husbandry. 
PLATE  III. 
contains  a ground-plan,  elevation,  and  transverse  section  of  a 
dairy  for  20  cows  : the  plan  consisting  of — 
1.  Fodder  House. 
2.  Shed  in  which  may  be  a boiler  or 
steaming  apparatus. 
3.  Cow  House  for  20  cows. 
4.  Scalding  Room,  fitted  with  a boiler, 
and  communicating  with  the  cow- 
house. 
5.  Churning  Room. 
6.  Milk  Room. 
7.  Shed  in  which  to  expose  milk  vessels 
and  dairy  utensils,  to  dry  and 
sweeten  in  the  air. 
8.  Calf  House. 
9.  House  for  poultry. 
10.  Sties  for  breeding  or  fattening  swine, 
above  which  may  be  a loft  for 
poultry. 
1 1 . Three  Boxes  for  bulls. 
12.  Pit  for  dung. 
13.  Tank  for  liquid  manure. 
14.  Open  yard. 
When  the  plan  last  referred  to  forms  a portion  of  accommoda- 
tion in  connexion  with  that  of  an  extensive  tillage  farm,  the 
buildings  comprised  in  it  ought  to  be  separated  from  those  pre- 
viously enumerated  by  a clear  space  of  30  feet  southwards  ; and 
in  order  not  to  intercept  the  rays  of  the  sun  at  mid-day  from  the 
stable-yard,  the  front  of  the  bull-boxes  ought  to  range  in  line 
with  the  wall  of  the  westward  range  of  fattening  lairs. 
It  has  previously  been  remarked,  that  circumstances  may  re- 
quire the  modification  of  any  general  plan  for  arrangement  of 
