238 
On  the  Construction  of  Farm-Buildings. 
manger  to  each  side  of  the  stall,  curving  a little  outwards  at  the 
ends.  At  the  under  part  of  the  rod,  extended  beyond  the  manger, 
is  a llange,  to  which  ij-inch  malleable-iron  rods  are  riveted,  and 
also  to  a piece  of  flat  iron  against  the  wall,  and  which  forms  a 
rack  at  each  side  of  the  manger,  the  top  of  the  whole  being 
feet,  and  the  bottom  of  the  rack  about  lj  foot  above  the  floor 
of  the  stable,  the  whole  secured  by  means  of  screw-bolts  passing 
through  the  wall  at  a distance  from  each  other  of  the  length  of 
the  manger,  in  front  of  which  are  rings  to  which  to  fasten  up  the 
horses.  In  order  to  secure  proper  ventilation,  each  stall  should 
be  provided  at  its  head  with  a grate  the  size  of  a brick,  built  into 
the  wall  about  3 inches  above  the  floor.  Any  direct  draught  on 
the  legs  and  feet  of  the  horses  may  be  prevented  by  placing  a 
little  litter  in  front  of  the  aperture  into  the  stall.  A glazed 
window,  made  of  cast-iron  of  a circular  form,  swinging  from  a 
vertical  to  a horizontal  position,  in  a frame  also  of  cast-iron  set  in 
a stone  case,  is  a very  suitable  light  for  a stable,  and  it  may  be 
placed  in  the  wall  at  the  head  of  the  horses,  immediately  above 
the  alternate  divisions  of  the  stalls,  by  which  each  window  fur- 
nishes light  and  air  to  two  stalls.  The  construction  of  the 
windows  referred  to  may  be  easily  understood  from  the  figures 
below.  Fig.  1 represents  a front  view  or  elevation  of  the  circular 
window — say  20  inches  diameter — in  a stone  case  2 7 inches 
square  and  6 inches  thick,  with  a groove  in  its  thickness  to  admit 
the  frame,  on  which  the  window  swings  on  pivots  at  the  extremities 
of  its  horizontal  diameter,  and  within  which  it  closes  when  shut. 
The  face  of  the  stone  case  may  project  about  an  inch  beyond  the 
external  surface  of  the  wall,  and  be  ornamented  with  a moulding 
around  the  frame.  The  inside  diameter  of  the  aperture  may,  for 
the  better  admission  of  light,  be  increased  to  26  inches.  Fig.  2 
is  a vertical  section  of  the  window,  the  frame  within  which  it 
closes,  the  stone  case,  and  part  of  the  wall. 
