240 
On  the  Construction  of  Farm-Buildings. 
referred  to  the  dung-pit  is  marked  7,  and  adjoins  the  loose  boxes 
and  stables,  having  a communication  by  a door  from  one  of  the 
former.  This  conveniency  of  the  farmery  should  be  separated 
from  the  offices  to  which  it  adjoins  by  walls,  from  its  floor  to  the 
ridge,  li  brick  thick  when  that  material  is  used,  or  of  a pro- 
portionable thickness  when  the  buildings  are  of  stone.  It  may 
be  sunk  4 or  5 feet  below  the  surface  of  the  ground ; and,  where- 
ever  bricks  can  be  obtained,  it  should  be  lined  with  that  material, 
half-brick  thick  at  least,  well  pointed  for  6 inches  below  the 
excavation.  If  the  bottom  of  the  excavation  be  sound  clay,  im- 
pervious to  water,  nothing  more  will  be  required  to  be  done  to  it 
than  to  beat  it  firm ; but  if,  on  the  contrary,  the  soil  be  loose  and 
permeable  by  moisture,  it  will  be  necessary  to  cover  the  bottom 
6 inches  thick  with  a concrete  substance  described  in  the  Ap- 
pendix C.  The  dung-pit  should  have  an  aperture  in  its  western 
wall  6 feet  wide,  and  at  7 feet  high  have  a pan-piece  of  Memel 
fir  timber  12  inches  square,  the  wall  then  carried  up  above  it  to 
the  same  height  as  wall  of  the  stable,  and  the  opening  to  have  a 
cill  of  deal  9 inches  wide  upon  a wall  1 foot  above  the  surface  of 
the  ground. 
Of  the  Implement  and  Cart-Shed  (forplan,  vide  Plate  I.,  No.  8). 
— The  last  in  the  range  of  buildings  extending  from  north  to 
south  on  the  west  side  of  the  plan  of  the  farmery  proposed,  and 
adjoining  the  dung-pit  (71)  on  the  south,  is  the  implement  and 
cart-shed,  occupying  a space,  exclusive  of  the  thickness  of  the 
wall  separating  it  from  the  dung-pit,  of  34  feet  in  length,  and, 
including  the  front  and  back  wall,  18  feet  in  breadth.  The  walls 
to  be  of  the  same  thickness  and  height  as  those  of  the  adjoining 
offices,  previously  described,  but  open  in  front  to  the  height  of 
7 feet,  having  cast-iron  pillars  8 feet  apart,  6 feet  long,  and 
4g  inches  external  diameter,  upon  stone  plinths,  and  supporting  a 
pan-piece  of  Memel  fir  timber  12  inches  square,  above  which  a 
wall  is  to  be  carried  up  to  the  same  height  as  the  west  wall  of 
the  adjoining  offices.  The  floor  may  be  of  hard  stone,  broken 
small,  and  well  rammed  on  free-stone  chips  or  rubble. 
The  roofs  of  the  stable,  loose  boxes,  dung-pit,  and  implement 
and  cart-shed  to  be  all  of  the  same  span,  and  under  the  same 
ridge,  at  a pitch  of  6 feet ; hipped  at  the  south  end  ; formed  of 
Norway  red  battens,  in  the  same  manner  as  the  roof  of  the  barn, 
straw-barn,  and  granary ; covered  with  blue  slate  ; and  finished 
with  stone  ridging. 
Of  the  Cattle-Lairs  and  their  appendant  Conveniences  (for 
plan,  vide  Plate  I.,  Nos.  9,  10,  11,  12,  13,  and  14.  For  elevation, 
vide  Plate  II.) — Having,  in  the  foregoing  pages,  treated  of  the 
dimensions  and  construction  of  the  several  buildings  of  the  farmery 
in  which  the  grain  crop  is  prepared  for  market,  the  labouring 
