On  the  Construction  of  Farm- Buildings. 
247 
buildings  under  the  same  roof,  is  the  cow-house  (11),  29  feet 
8 inches  in  length,  including  the  south  wall,  brick  thick,  and, 
including  both  side- walls,  li  brick  thick  each,  20  feet  8 inches 
in  breadth;  leaving  a length  of  28  feet  6 inches,  and  a breadth  of 
18  feet  4 inches  clear  of  the  walls  of  the  building.  Along  the 
north  and  south  walls  should  be  passages  3 feet  6 inches  wide 
having  doors  at  their  ends  similar  to  those  described  for  the 
turnip-house  (9),  and  in  the  middle  of  the  western  wall  should  be 
a door  in  an  aperture  4 feet  wide.  The  breadth  of  the  building 
should  be  divided  into  two  stalls  for  holding  two  beasts  each, 
extending  8 feet  from  the  passages  above-mentioned  towards  the 
middle  of  the  building,  thus  leaving  a space  of  5 feet  6 inches 
wide  between  the  lower  ends  of  the  stalls,  affording  standings  for 
tying  up  eight  cows,*  i.  e.  four  with  their  heads  to  each  passage. 
The  floors  of  the  passages  at  the  heads  of  the  cows  should  be 
flagged,  or  very  evenly  paved  with  flat-faced  stones,  and  that  of 
the  space  in  the  middle  of  the  cowhouse,  behind  the  cows,  may 
be  paved,  having  a channel  of  flags  about  1 foot  wide,  covering  a 
drain  into  which  the  urine  may  pass  through  grates,  from  thence 
to  be  conveyed  to  the  liquid-manure  tank  (15).  The  floor  of  the 
stalls  may  be  earth  beaten  firm,  and  supported  by  a curb  of  stone 
at  the  top  and  bottom  of  the  stalls.  The  stalls,  and  the  fittings 
for  feeding  the  cattle,  need  not,  in  this  place,  be  described  ; as 
the  construction  of  a cow-house  on  a more  extensive  scale  is 
intended  to  be  specified  in  a subsequent  part  of  the  present 
essay. 
The  offices  (9,  10,  and  11)  above  described  are,  all  of  them, 
proposed  to  be  under  the  same  roof,  which  should  be  hipped  at 
both  ends,  covered  with  blue  slate  finished  with  stone  ridging, 
and  provided,  at  equal  distances  from  the  ends  of  the  ridges  and 
between  each  other,  with  cupolas  similar  to  those  described  when 
treating  of  the  stable  and  loose  boxes  for  horses. 
The  building,  marked  12  on  the  plan,  is  a single  range  of 
twelve  cattle- boxes  in  every  respect  similar  to  those  described 
above  (10),  except  in  being  a single  instead  of  a double  range, 
and  therefore  requires  no  observations  as  to  construction.  The 
range  of  building  in  question  should  be  to  the  eastward  of  that 
comprising  9,  10,  and  11,  and  separated  therefrom  by  an  open 
passage  of  8 feet  wide.  At  the  distance  of  8 feet  to  the  westward 
of  the  range  of  buildings  comprising  9,  10,  and  11,  is  a single 
range  of  eight  cattle-boxes  (13),  and  the  calf-house  occupying 
the  space  of  two  boxes,  both  of  which  conveniences  are  under  the 
same  roof. 
Both  ranges  of  buildings,  last  noticed,  should  have  span  roofs 
* The  size  of  the  cow-house  will  admit  of  holding  10  cows,  5 on  each  side,  instead 
of  4 mentioned  above. 
