25G 
On  the  Construction  of  Farm- Buildings. 
4 feet  wide.  In  the  back  wall  of  this  shed,  at  its  mid  length,  a 
flue  should  be  provided  for  the  furnace  of  a steaming  apparatus. 
The  roof  may  fall  to  the  back  wall,  which  should  be  9 feet  high, 
decline  to  the  front  at  7 feet  from  the  ground,  and  carried  upon  a 
deal  supporter  by  two  cast-iron  pillars  upon  stone  plinths.  The 
floor  should  be  flagged — at  any  rate  about  the  steaming  apparatus. 
Of  the  Cow-house  (for  plan,  vide  Plate  III.,  No.  3). — The 
best  mode  of  internal  arrangement  for  a cow-house,  where  many 
cows  are  kept,  is  for  the  stalls  to  be  in  two  ranges  parallel  to  the 
side  walls  of  the  building,  having  a passage  along  each  of  the  side 
walls  at  the  heads  of  the  cattle  for  the  purpose  of  conveniently 
supplying  them  with  provender,  and  another  passage  between  the 
ranges  of  stalls  from  which  the  cows  may  be  milked,  and  the 
dung  removed.  In  some  cow-houses  of  modern  erection,  the 
heads  of  the  ranges  of  stalls  are  placed  opposite  to  each  other 
along  the  sides  of  a passage  extending  along  the  middle  of  the 
building,  and  the  dung  from  the  cows  removed  from  passages 
between  the  bottoms  of  the  stalls  and  the  side  walls.  Whatever 
may  be  gained  in  decrease  of  labour  in  feeding  the  cows  by 
means  of  the  latter  described  mode  of  arrangement,  is  more  than 
compensated  by  greater  wholesomeness  in  the  cattle  being  less 
subject  to  be  breathed  upon  by  each  other,  and  by  the  less  labour 
required  in  removal  of  the  dung  by  the  adoption  of  the  former 
described  manner  of  disposing  the  stalls. 
The  proper  size  of  stalls,  to  contain  two  cows  in  each,  is  8 feet 
square.  The  building  proposed  in  the  plan  referred  to  for  the 
cow-house,  is  40  feet  long  and  32  feet  wide,  exclusive  of  the 
thickness  of  the  walls;  which  dimensions,  by  allowing  a passage 
of  4 feet  wide  at  the  head  of  the  stalls  8 feet  deep,  with  a space 
8 feet  wide  along  the  middle  of  the  building  between  the  two 
ranges  of  stalls,  and  the  length  of  the  building  being  equally 
divided  into  five  stalls,  will  provide  standings  for  twenty  cows. 
Buildings  having  lean-to  roofs  being  intended,  according  to  the 
plan  proposed,  to  adjoin  the  cow-house,  and  be  separated  from  it 
by  its  side  walls,  the  walls  of  the  cow-house  should  not  be  less  than 
10  ft.  high  above  the  surface  of  the  ground,  and  when  built  of  brick, 
11  brick  thick,  or,  if  of  stone,  20  inches  thick.  The  apertures 
in  this  building  are,  one  at  the  east  end  of  each  of  the  feeding 
passages  4 feet  wide  for  doors,  and  one  in  the  middle  of  the  same 
walk,  8 feet  wide,  for  a door  opening  into  halves  of  its  breadth  as 
an  entrance  to  the  passage  between  the  ranges  of  stalls;  one  in 
the  west  wall,  4 feet  wide  for  a door  communicating  with  the 
scalding-room  (4) ; and  one  in  the  south  wall,  3 feet  6 inches 
wide,  communicating  with  the  calf-house  (8).  All  the  openings 
above  mentioned  should  be  7 feet  high,  and  furnished  with  doors 
and  frames  of  the  same  construction  as  specified  on  a previous 
