268 
Oil  the  Construction  of  Farm-Buildings. 
the  thesis  on  the  subject  of  farm-buildings  proposed  by  the  Royal 
Agricultural  Society  of  England,  the  buildings  necessary  for  each 
of  several  modes  of  occupation  of  land — tillage,  combined  with 
winter  fattening  of  oxen — dairy  or  breeding — and  the  rearing  of 
young  cattle — have  been  treated  of  separately  in  the  foregoing 
pages,  and  distinct  plans  for  each  branch  of  husbandry  have  been 
referred  to  in  Plates  I.,  III.,  and  VI.,  so  that  a proprietor  of  an 
estate  contemplating  the  erection  of  farm-buildings  may  combine 
such  a proportion  of  any  of  the  plans  proposed  as  to  suit  the 
circumstances  of  the  size,  the  quality  of  soil,  and  the  system  of 
husbandry  to  be  pursued,  that  any  farm  may  require  on  which  it 
is  intended  to  build. 
From  the  separate  estimates  given  in  the  present  treatise,  it 
may  perhaps  be  inferred  that  a set  of  new  buildings,  suitable  for 
a farm  of  300  acres,  under  a mixed  system  of  husbandry  that 
prevails  in  many  parts  of  the  United  Kingdom,  may  be  sub- 
stantially built  according  to  the  principles  of  arrangement  and 
specification  of  building  recommended  in  this  Essay,  at  a cost 
varying  from  1200/.  to  1500/.,  exclusive  of  the  carriage  of  mate- 
rials, according  to  the  proportionate  extent  in  which  the  different 
branches  of  husbandry  above  mentioned  may  form  a part  of  the 
business  of  the  farm.  It  may  also  be  remarked  that,  where 
buildings  are  previously  in  being,  the  materials  of  them,  when 
properly  applied  in  the  erection  of  new  ones,  may  considerably 
reduce  the  amount  of  estimate,  and  much  expense  of  carriage  also 
may  be  thereby  saved. 
Newcastle-upon-Tyne,  February,  1S-19. 
Appkndix  A. 
It  may  sometimes  happen  that  a tenant  farmer  may  wish  to  have 
increase  in  the  accommodation  in  his  farm-buildings,  and  that  his  landlord 
may  either  not  be  in  a position,  or  may  be  unwilling  to  comply  with  such 
desire.  In  such  a case  it  cannot  be  expected,  how  much  soever  it  may 
be  to  his  interest,  that  any  tenant,  as  the  law  at  present  stands  with 
regard  to  improved  buildings  by  tenants,  would  erect  expensive  permanent 
buildings  at  his  own  expense  ; but  many  tenants  might  be  willing  to  incur 
a comparatively  small  cost  in  increasing  the  accommodation  of  his  farm- 
stead, if  his  purpose  was  likely  to  be  answered  thereby.  To  such  readers 
as  may  be  circumstanced  as  above-mentioned,  the  following  extract  from 
a paper  on  cattle-sheds  and  folds  in  the  second  volume  of  the  ‘Plough  ’ 
is  recommended  to  their  notice  : — 
“Suppose  a range  of  sheds  to  be  commenced  at  the  angle  or  corner  of  a 
fold-yard,  and  ranged  along  one  side  of  it ; let  the  wall  or  fence  of  this 
side  be  carried  up  to  9 feet,  if  not  already  that  height,  with  rubble  walling 
sufficient  to  keep  out  the  wind;  this  will  serve  for  the  back,  and  a wall  at 
a right  angle  forming  the  corner  will  answer  for  a side  of  the  intended 
range  of  sheds.  Let  rough  posts,  5 inches  diameter  at  the  smaller  ends, 
ranged  in  a straight  line  parallel  to,  and  12  feet  distance  from,  the  back 
