On  the  Construction  of  Farm-Buildings . 
283 
necessary  for  a farm  of  300  acres,  but  I consider  it  good  policy 
on  the  part  of  the  landlords  of  England  to  provide  their  tenants 
with  ample  accommodation  in  the  way  of  farm-buildings,  to  enable 
them  to  cultivate  the  land  highly,  so  as  to  grow  as  heavy  root 
crops  as  possible ; and  I never  knew  a farmer  having  capital  suf- 
ficient who  would  allow  a good  grazingr-yard  to  be  without  stock 
during  the  grazing  season. 
Farm-buildings  are  frequently  too  much  crowded  together  for 
the  sake  of  being  considered  compact ; and  I would  by  no  means 
recommend  the  yards  opening  one  into  the  other,  as  there  is  great 
liability  of  the  cattle  getting  together  and  injuring  themselves  : 
the  possibility  of  this  is  avoided  by  the  plan  I have  drawn  out. 
The  cattle-yards  should  front  the  south;  and  it  will  be  seen  by 
the  plan  that  the  stables,  cart-shed,  &c.,  are  on  the  south  side 
of  the  long  court-yard  ; between  them  and  the  cattle-yards  the 
cold  winds  of  winter  will  be  sufficiently  kept  out,  and  yet  the 
warmth  of  the  sun  will  be  admitted  to  the  grazing-yards,  which  is 
a great  advantage,  the  court-yard  being  60  feet  wide. 
The  cattle-yards  are  64  feet  square,  including  the  sheds,  which 
are  16  feet  wide  ; so  that  each  yard  will  hold  from  12  to  15  head 
of  cattle,  and  some  of  the  sheds  might  easily  be  fitted  up  as  loose 
boxes,  if  required,  at  a small  expense. 
In  the  county  in  which  I farm  it  is  usual,  upon  almost  all  large 
farms,  to  have  a field-barn  and  grazing-yards  for  the  accommoda- 
tion of  the  distant  part  of  the  land,  by  which  means  much  labour 
and  carriage  of  manure  are  saved,  and  200  or  300  acres  of  that  part 
of  the  farm  can  thus  have  farm-yard  manure  applied  to  it,  which 
would  seldom  have  it  were  it  not  for  the  extra  premises. 
Respecting  the  cart-horse  stables  care  should  be  taken  that 
they  are  well  ventilated  by  a cupola  or  two  over  each  stable; 
these  may  be  made  of  zinc  or  galvanised  sheet-iron,  and  in  the 
centre  of  each  outer  door  should  be  an  iron  slip  frame  18  inches 
square,  to  admit  air  if  required,  and  windows  to  the  south,  of 
strong  agricultural  glass  ; also  a drain  from  the  centre  of  each  box 
to  the  sewer,  to  convey  the  liquid  manure  to  the  tank,  No.  26. 
The  keeping  of  cart-horses  is  a very  important  item  in  the 
economy  of  the  farm  ; they  require  at  all  times  to  be  in  good  con- 
dition, and  always  ready  to  do  a good  day’s  work. 
Each  horse  should  have  his  loose  box  fitted  up  with  iron  man- 
ger lor  chaff  and  corn,  another  for  cut  hay,  and  an  iron  trough  for 
water ; by  this  means  each  horse  would  have  the  quantity  of  corn 
allowed  by  his  master,  and  not  just  what  the  carter  chooses  to 
give  him. 
Having  said  thus  much,  I will  now  endeavour  to  explain  the 
buildings  in  rotation. 
I will  suppose  the  farm-house  to  be  placed  some  40  or  50 
