766  Miscellaneous  Results  from  the  Laboratory . 
It  is  to  be  borne  in  mind  that  manures  of  an  animal  nature, 
particularly  when  very  wet,  are  often  extremely  troublesome  to 
deal  with.  They  rapidly  run  into  putrefaction,  and  it  is  found 
impossible  to  keep  them  out  of  the  land  without  great  loss  and 
still  greater  annoyance.  In  comparing  them,  therefore,  con- 
sidered as  sources  of  ammonia  with  ammoniacal  salts,  guano,  and 
other  such  manures,  a very  considerable  deduction  must  on  this 
account  be  made  from  the  price  at  which  they  might  otherwise  be 
purchased. 
Refuse  Horse-hair. — A sample  sent  to  the  laboratory  by  Mr. 
Paine  gave  of  nitrogen  1 1 • 83  per  cent.,  with  4*83  per  cent,  of  ash, 
which  latter  was  not  further  examined. 
In  a ton  of  the  horse-hair  we  should  purchase  265  lbs.  of  nitro- 
gen, or  322  lbs.  of  ammonia.  The  price  per  ton  was  21.  15s., 
delivered  at  the  railway  station  in  London. 
Horn  shavings. — These  were  the  refuse  shavings  and  fragments 
of  horns,  purchased  by  Mr.  Paine  at  71 ■ a ton. 
Upon  analysis  they  gave  12-49  per  cent,  of  nitrogen,  and 
their  value  upon  a chemical  estimate  should  be  nearly  identical 
with  that  of  hair  above.  Mr,  Paine  informs  me  that  he  has,  both 
in  1849  and  this  year,  obtained  his  heaviest  crop  of  hops  from  the 
land  upon  which  the  horn-shavings  were  applied. 
Feather  dust. — This  appears  to  be  principally  the  sweepings 
of  the  feather  warehouses.  Although,  apparently,  it  consists  of 
broken  fragments  of  feathers,  it  contains  so  much  dirt  as  greatly 
to  reduce  the  value  as  a manure. 
The  per-centage  of  nitrogen  in  this  refuse  was  6*22,  and  the 
price  per  ton  (without  carriage)  21.  10s. 
Scutch. — In  a former  paper  two  analyses  of  this  refuse  were  given 
— the  quantity  of  nitrogen  in  them  was  89  and  T57  respectively. 
A sample  since  examined  afforded  T35  per  cent,  of  nitrogen,  thus 
furnishing  additional  proof  that  the  quantity  of  animal  fertilizing 
matter  in  scutch  is  seldom  enough  to  make  it  of  much  value  as 
manure. 
Wool  refuse.- — To  the  analyses  of  shoddy  before  given,  I have 
now  to  add  the  analyses  of  three  other  samples  which  have  been 
analysed  for  nitrogen  : — 
No.  1 contained  of  nitrogen  5-21  per  cent. 
No.  2 „ „ 3-60  „ 
No.  3 „ „ 4-10  . „ 
results  which  accord  very  nearly  with  those  before  recorded. 
Another  specimen  of  refuse  wool,  having  evidently  a different 
origin  to  shoddy,  and  differing  from  it  in  containing  very  little 
oil,  was  analysed  for  nitrogen,  of  which  it  yielded  325  per  cent. 
This  sample  contained  47  per  cent,  of  earthy  matter,  principally 
clay  and  carbonate  of  lime. 
Refuse  from  a glove-maker's  yard. — Some  months  since  a 
