56 
F. antiquorum, Fisclier. 
F. chalyheata, Hermann. 
F. longicaudata, Y. Cuv. 
F. melas. Peron. ) ii/r i ^ • i • i 
77 Tv/r \ Melano or meianoid variety. 
-T, jusca, Meyer. J *' 
jF. poecilura {?), Valenciennes. 
Leopardus varius, Gray. 
Tendwa^ H. ; Chita-hdgh, H. ; Chita ^ Mahr. (applied 
both to this species and to No. - ) ; also 8lnghal, 
Mahr. ; Gorhdcha, Dukh. ; Syik, or Syidk, Lepcha ; 
Theet-kya, Burm. ; Hariman Bintang, Mai. ; Machan or 
Meong tootool and Machan hatakh, J av. ' Tiger' of Ceylon 
and of different African colonies. 
Hab. All Africa ; S. Asia (to borders of snow range 
in Himalaya) ; Afghanistan ; Persia ; 
Malayan peninsula ; Sumatra ; Java ; 
Armenia, around Ararat (Guldenstadt and 
Pallas) ; rare in Caucasus ; and occurs in 
the mountains S. of Lake Aral. 
Memarks. — Much difference of opinion still prevails among zoologists 
respecting the unity or plurality of species of Pard in Asia and Africa. 
In Baron Cuvier's opinion, only one species inhabits Africa, for which 
he adopts the name F. pardus ; and F. leopardus he considered to be 
an inhabitant of those parts of South Asia which were least known to 
the ancients, viz. the regions adjacent to the Straits of Sunda. F. 
Cuvier remarks that the Panther brought from India (^. e from Mala- 
bar and Ceylon) has a longer tail than the F. pardus of Barbary; 
whence the former was termed by him F. long'icaudata. According to 
Temminck, F. pardus is the smaller of the two, with tail as long as 
the body and head, its extremity when reflected reaching to the tip of 
the nose"; whereas in F. leopardus " the tail is as long as the body 
only, its extremity, when reflected, reaching only to the shoulders. 
Caudal vertehrm of F. pardus, 28 ; of F. leopardus, 22". This au- 
thority considers that the true F. pardus was unknown to Cuvier ; 
and that the ' Panther' of Cuvier, and ' male Panther' of Buffbn 
and Schreber, are to be viewed as ' Leopards.' He is fui-ther of 
opinion that the ' Leopard' is confined to the east ; and the ' Panther' 
may be Asiatic as well as African, for aught stated to the contrary. 
To complicate the matter further. Dr. B. Miiller (the subsequent 
colleague of Professor Temminck) asserts that F. leopardus has not been 
found in the Indian archipelago, and F. pardus only in Sumatra and 
Java. Dr. J. E. Gray considers both as one. According to my ex- 
perience, the tail of an Indian or Malayan Pard, when reflected, would 
reach forward beyond the shoulders ; and the number of caudal vertebrte 
is 24 or 25. M. Valenciennes has recently distinguished a race from 
the Gabun territory. West Africa, with very long tail spotted below 
as above, by the name F. poecilura ( Comptes Rendus, torn. XLII, 1036) ; 
perhaps the F. pardus apud Temminck. 
